Figure 3.
The dose dependent effect of icv NPFF administration on the number and duration of EM1-induced apneas (a) and TE test/TE control ratio (b). Note that NPFF at a dose of 20 μg eliminated EM-1 provoked apnea completely. The effect was blocked by NPFF receptor antagonist RF9. The data has been shown as median ± QD (▲, thin whiskers) and mean ± SEM (−, bold whiskers); ○ episode of apnea or TE test/TE control ratio of a single rat. The number of apnea episodes are shown in-between slashes (a). Mann–Whitney test: # p < 0.05 vs. control (saline) group. Total number of examined animals per each NPFF dose: n = 5–7.