Table 2. Least square means of echocardiographic parameters by BMI category, hypertension status, and diabetes status (modeled separately), adjusted for age, sex, and cohort.
| Trait | A) BMI Category | |||||||||
| Normal Weight (39%) | Over-weight (38%) | Obese (23%) | P Value | |||||||
| LVM, g | 142.6 | 157.8 | 174.7 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| LASD, cm | 3.53 | 3.78 | 4.03 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| LVEF, % | 65.64 | 65.60 | 65.75 | 0.73 | ||||||
| GLS, % | -20.9 | -20.1 | -19.5 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| E/e’ | 5.71 | 6.07 | 6.56 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| LAEF, % | 48.1 | 48.0 | 48.0 | 0.20 | ||||||
| Trait | B) Hypertension Status | C) Diabetes Status | ||||||||
| No HTN (70%) | HTN (30%) | P Value | No DM (95%) | DM (5%) | P Value | |||||
| LVM, g | 151.0 | 166.0 | <0.0001 | 154.5 | 169.9 | <0.0001 | ||||
| LASD, cm | 3.69 | 3.86 | <0.0001 | 3.72 | 3.96 | <0.0001 | ||||
| LVEF, % | 65.36 | 66.34 | <0.0001 | 65.70 | 64.84 | 0.0087 | ||||
| GLS, % | -20.5 | -19.7 | <0.0001 | -20.3 | -19.5 | <0.0001 | ||||
| E/e’ | 5.86 | 6.46 | <0.0001 | 6.00 | 6.76 | <0.0001 | ||||
| LAEF, % | 48.1 | 47.9 | 0.0005 | 48.1 | 47.3 | <0.0001 | ||||
Least squares means of left ventricular mass (LVM), left atrial systolic dimension (LASD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), E/e’, and left atrial emptying fraction (LAEF) according to A) body mass index (BMI) category (normal weight: BMI < 25kg/m2, overweight: 25kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 30kg/m2, obese: BMI ≥ 30kg/m2), B) hypertension status (HTN), C) and diabetes status (DM). All models are adjusted for cohort, age, and sex. We used a Bonferroni-corrected p<0.003 (= 0.05/(3*6)) because we investigated 6 echocardiographic variables in relation to 3 different groups.