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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Child Fam Stud. 2019 Sep 20;29(1):71–81. doi: 10.1007/s10826-019-01575-6

Table 1.

Differences between participants who took the survey in English vs. Spanish.

Spanish (n = 101) English (n = 103)

% n % n t or χ2
Gender χ2(1) = 0.01
 Male 61.4 62 62.1 64
 Female 38.6 39 37.9 39
Ethnicity χ2(1) = 97.65**
 Not Latinx 5.9 6 73.8 76
 Latinx 94.1 95 26.2 27
Race χ2(5) = 23.73**
 White 59.4 60 62.1 64
 African-American 6.9 7 22.3 23
 American Indian 9.9 10 1.9 2
 Asian-American 3.0 3 6.8 7
 Multiracial 8.9 9 3.9 4
 Not Listed 10.9 11 1.9 2
Immigration Status χ2(1) = 18.46**
 Born outside of the US 26.7 27 4.9 5
 Born in the US 73.3 74 95.1 98
Education χ2(3) = 12.57*
 High School/GED or less 28.7 29 19.4 20
 Associates Degree/Technical School 20.8 21 21.4 22
 Bachelor’s Degree 30.7 31 51.5 53
 Graduate/Professional School 19.8 20 7.8 8
Parent Relationship to the child χ2(3) = 9.88*
 Biological Parent 74.3 75 88.3 91
 Step-Parent 5.9 6 6.8 7
 Adoptive Parent 14.9 15 2.9 3
 Foster Parent 2.0 2 1.0 1
Income χ2(3) = 1.91
 Less than $30,000 17.8 18 18.4 19
 $30,000 to $59,999 35.6 36 41.7 43
 $60,000 to $79,999 22.8 23 15.5 16
 $80,000 or more 23.8 24 24.3 25

Note.

*

= p < .05

***

= p < .001.