. 2020 Dec 3;2020:6690433. doi: 10.1155/2020/6690433

Table 1.

Preliminary phytochemical profile of the aerial parts and roots of Z. spinosa.

Phytochemical components	Test/reagent	Z. spinosa
Phytochemical components	Test/reagent	Aerial parts	Roots
Alkaloids	Mayer	−/+	+/+
Alkaloids	Wagner	−/+	+/+

Glycosides	Liebermann	+/+	–/+
Glycosides	Keller–Kiliani	+/+	–/+

Saponins	Foam test	+	+

Triterpenes/sterols	Liebermann–Burchard	+/+	−/+
Triterpenes/sterols	Salkowski	+/+	−/+

Tannins and phenols	Ferric chloride	−/+	+/+
Tannins and phenols	Lead acetate	−/+	+/+

Flavonoids	Alkaline reagent	−/+	+/+
Flavonoids	Shinoda	−/+	+/+

Anthraquinones	Borntrager	−	−

+, one test was conducted and it gave a positive result; −, one test was conducted and it gave a negative result; +/+, two different tests were conducted and both gave positive results; −/+, two different tests were conducted and one gave a negative and the other gave a positive result; −/−, two different tests were conducted and both gave negative results.