Table 2.
Effects of H2S on proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells.
| Action | Mechanisms | Cells/Models | H2S gas/donor application (concentration) | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-proliferation | Inhibition of Brg1 transcription and expression by reducing the recruitment of Brg1 to the Pcna, Ntf3 and Pdgfα promoter regions | VSMCs | NaHS (1000 μM) | [59] |
| Anti-proliferation | Inhibition of the MAPK pathway | VSMC isolated from rat thoracic aortas | NaHS (50–500 μM) | [57] |
| Anti-proliferation | Inhibition of the MAPK/TXNIP cascade | HUVECs/CSE-KO mice | NaHS (56 µM/kg/d) | [58] |
| Anti-proliferation | Inhibition of the expression of IGF-1R and the binding of IGF-1 with IGF-1R via S-sulfhydration | SMCs isolated from mouse mesenteric arteries | NaHS (10–100 μM) | [60] |
| Inducing apoptosis/Anti-proliferation | Increasing ERK1/2, p21Cip/WAF-1, and decreasing cyclin D1 in SMCs-KO mice. Inhibition of proliferation-related genes CRL, HB-EGF and IB1 in CSE KO mice. |
SMCs-KO mice/CSE-KO mice/HASMCs | H2S (100 μM) | [56], [62] |
| Inducing apoptosis | Activation of MAPKs and caspase-3 | HASMCs | H2S (50–100 μM) | [63] |
| Inhibiting apoptosis | Activation of SOD activity Inhibition of ROS generation and MDA levels |
HUVECs | NaHS (50 μM) | [64] |
| Inhibiting apoptosis | Inhibition of caspase-12, CHOP, GRP78 | PAECs | NaHS (56 µM/kg/d) | [65] |