Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Nov 27;8:562677. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.562677

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2020 Li, Tong, Roberts, Liu and Thakkar.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Overall workflow for the model development: (1) 6000 treatments were stratified split into the training (80%) and independent validation (20%) datasets. (2) A 100-iteration Monte Carlo cross-validation (MCCV) was carried out for hyperparameter optimization of the four algorithms, including Deep Neural Network: DNN; K-nearest neighbors: KNN); Support Vector Machine: SVM and Random Forest: (RF). (3) The optimized models were used to predict the independent validation sets. (4) the DNN model was further evaluated by using a “Y-Scrambling”-based permutation test.