Table 1.
Characteristics of included VBM studies in the current meta-analysis.
| Study | Sample | Sex (M/F) | Age (years) | Disease duration (years) | UPDRS-III scores | MMSE scores | Scanner (T) | Software | Threshold | Quality scores |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSA-P | ||||||||||
| Brenneis et al. (2003) | MSA-P 12 | NA | 62 , 6.6 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 42 | NA | 1.5 | SPM99 | p < 0.05 corrected | 13 |
| HC 12 | NA | 60 , 5.8 | ||||||||
| Kim et al. (2015) | MSA-P 15 | 8/7 | 65.27 , 9.68 | 2.6 ± 1.59 | 30.30 ± 9.23 | 27.53 ± 1.64 | 3 | FSL | p < 0.05 corrected | 14 |
| HC 32 | 19/13 | 66.97 , 5.09 | ||||||||
| Planetta et al. (2015) | MSA-P 14 | 8/6 | 64.6 , 9.0 | 6.5 ± 2.7 | 36.4 ± 13.0 | 27.4 ± 2.3 | 3 | SPM8 | p < 0.05 corrected | 15 |
| HC 14 | 9/5 | 61.9 , 8.4 | ||||||||
| Shigemoto et al. (2013) | MSA-P 20 | 7/13 | 62.9 , 7.7 | 4.1 ± 2.2 | NA | NA | 1.5 | SPM8 | p < 0.05 corrected | 15 |
| HC 30 | 10/20 | 64.7 , 7.7 | ||||||||
| Tir et al. (2009) | MSA-P 14 | 5/9 | 63.6 , 9.74 | 5.1 ± 2.2 | 39 ± 17 | NA | 1.5 | SPM2 | p < 0.05 corrected | 14 |
| HC 14 | 5/9 | 61.6 , 7.6 | ||||||||
| Tzarouchi et al. (2010) | MSA-P 11 | 9/2 | 61.9 , 11.7 | 5.42 ± 2.5 | NA | NA | 1.5 | SPM | p < 0.001 uncorrected | 13 |
| HC 11 | 8/3 | 64.63 , 10.4 | ||||||||
| Wang et al. (2011) | MSA-P 12 | 4/8 | 63.0 , 12.7 | 5.4 ± 2.8 | NA | NA | 1.5 | SPM2 | p < 0.05 corrected | 14 |
| HC 20 | 10/10 | 52.4 , 19.5 | ||||||||
| Chang et al. (2009) | MSA-P 13 | 9/4 | 59.8 , 8.1 | 2.6 | NA | 24.9 ± 5.3 | 3 | SPM2 | p < 0.01 corrected | 15 |
| HC 37 | 20/17 | 55.5 , 8.6 | ||||||||
| Dash et al. (2019) | MSA-P 9 | 5/4 | 53.8 , 6.0 | 1.5 ± 1.0 | NA | NA | 3 | SPM8 | p < 0.05 corrected | 13 |
| HC 25 | 18/7 | 55.0 , 6.8 | ||||||||
| Minnerop et al. (2007) | MSA-P 16 | 8/8 | 62.8 , 5.6 | 4.4 ± 2.3 | NA | NA | 1.5 | SPM2 | p < 0.01 corrected | 14 |
| HC 16 | 8/8 | 62.3 , 4.3 | ||||||||
| MSA-C | ||||||||||
| Chang et al. (2009) | MSA-C 10 | 5/5 | 57.1 , 9.9 | 2.4 | NA | 21 ± 5.7 | 3 | SPM2 | p < 0.01 corrected | 15 |
| HC 37 | 20/17 | 55.5 , 8.6 | ||||||||
| Dash et al. (2019) | MSA-C 20 | 10/10 | 55.7 , 5.4 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | NA | NA | 3 | SPM8 | p < 0.05 corrected | 14 |
| HC 25 | 18/7 | 55.0 , 6.8 | ||||||||
| Minnerop et al. (2007) | MSA-C 32 | 19/13 | 60.5 , 6.2 | 4.5 ± 2.4 | NA | NA | 1.5 | SPM2 | p < 0.01 corrected | 14 |
| HC 46 | 22/24 | 58.7 , 6.1 | ||||||||
| Brenneis et al. (2006) | MSA-C 13 | 8/5 | 61.3 , 6.2 | 3.6 ± 1.4 | NA | NA | 1.5 | SPM99 | p < 0.05 corrected | 14 |
| HC 13 | 8/5 | 60.5 , 4.4 | ||||||||
| Specht et al. (2005) | MSA-C 14 | 5/9 | 59.4 , 7.4 | 3.7 ± 1.4 | NA | NA | 1.5 | SPM99 | p < 0.05 corrected | 14 |
| HC 13 | 5/8 | 55.1 , 6.9 | ||||||||
VBM, voxel-based morphometry; UPDRS-III, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MSA, multiple system atrophy; MSA-P, multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism; MSA-C, multiple system atrophy with predominant cerebellar ataxia; NA, none reported.