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Simulated effect of fertilization (left column) and irrigation (right column) on the plant–aphid system: average shoot dry mass S (a,b), carbon C/S (c,d) and nitrogen N/S (e,f) substrate concentration in shoots, defences concentration in shoot D/S (g,h), aphid abundance A (i,j) and density A/S (k,l). Lines—colour identifies fertilization (or irrigation) level: very low (red), low (orange), average (green), high (light blue) and very high (blue).
