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. 2020 Nov 27;11:503524. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.503524

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Copyright © 2020 Shen, Chen, Li, Zhang, Jiang, Lin, Huang, Chen, Feng and Jiang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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TFRD accelerates bone healing by promoting bone and vessel formation in rats of DO and FR models. (A) Representative histological images and (B) quantification of newly-formed bone at 45 days after surgery (n = 3 per group). (C) Representative histological images and (D) quantification of newly-formed vessels at 17 days after surgery (5 random visual fields per section, three sections per staining, nine sections per rat and three rats per time point). From left to right: H&E, Masson’s and Safranin O staining. The black boxes represent higher-magnification view. The data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments; Black arrows indicate micro-vessels. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, NS: not significant.