TABLE 2.
Olfactory performance assessed with the Sniffin’ Sticks battery and FAOT.
| Total (n = 67) | Correlation with BMI | Correlation with OB volume | Normal weight (n = 28) | Obese (n = 28) | p-value/F-value between NW and OB | Overweight (n = 11) | ||
| Mean ± SD (range) | p-value/r | Mean ± SD (range) | ||||||
| Smell tests | ||||||||
| Threshold | 7.63 ± 1.85 (1.75 − 11.00) | 0.393/ − 0.109a | 0.348/0.120a | 7.65 ± 2.19 (1.75 − 11.00) | 7.56 ± 1.61 (4.25 − 10.50) | 0.959/0.030b | 7.75 ± 1.65 | |
| Discrimination | 12.45 ± 2.12 (6 − 16) | 0.938/0.010a | 0.505/0.086a | 12.11 ± 2.67 (6 − 16) | 12.64 ± 1.66 (10 − 16) | 0.863/0.812b | 12.82 ± 1.54 | |
| Identification | 13.55 ± 1.51 (9 − 16) | 0.268/-0.142a | 0.807/0.003a | 13.54 ± 1.17 (11 − 15) | 13.43 ± 1.91 (9 − 16) | 0.801/0.064b | 13.91 ± 1.14 | |
| TDI sumscore | 33.63 ± 3.90 (22.75 − 40.25) | 0.230/-0.133a | 0.244/0.149a | 33.29 ± 4.60 (22.75 − 40.25) | 33.63 ± 3.54 (26.25 − 38.50) | 0.758/0.096b | 34.48 ± 2.85 | |
| FAOT | 13.4 ± 1.47 (9 − 16) | 0.272/-0.141a | 0.854/0.024a | 13.29 ± 1.27 (10 − 15) | 13.39 ± 1.50 (11 − 16) | 0.774/0.083b | 13.73 ± 1.90 | |
Data are presented as mean values, standard deviations, and minimum and maximum values. aSpearman’s rank-order correlation. bOne-way analysis of variance with the covariate sex (ANCOVA). BMI, body mass index; TDI sumscore, sumscore of odor threshold, odor discrimination, and odor identification; FAOT, food associated odor test.