Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Variables | Indicator | Total population | Intervention group | Control group | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | N [missing] | 114 [0] | 54 [0] | 60 [0] | 0.406a |
| Mean (SD) | 49.25 (14.60) | 50.39 (14.52) | 48.22 (14.71) | ||
| Median | 50.16 | 52.05 | 49.63 | ||
| Q1–Q3 | 36.91–61.61 | 40.13–62.90 | 36.09–59.70 | ||
| Min–Max | 18.27–75.88 | 18.27–74.30 | 21.08–75.88 | ||
| Sex, n (%) | Men | 75 (65.79) | 37 (68.52) | 38 (63.33) | 0.560b |
| Women | 39 (34.21) | 17 (31.48) | 22 (36.67) | ||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | Han | 108 (94.74) | 53 (98.15) | 55 (91.67) | 0.210c |
| Others | 6 (5.26) | 1 (1.85) | 5 (8.33) | ||
| Smoking history, n (%) | Never | 65 (57.52) | 29 (53.70) | 36 (61.02) | 0.501b |
| Current | 37 (32.74) | 18 (33.33) | 19 (32.20) | ||
| Former | 11 (9.73) | 7 (12.96) | 4 (6.78) | ||
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | Never or seldom | 87 (76.99) | 42 (77.78) | 45 (76.27) | 0.765c |
| Current | 21 (18.58) | 9 (16.67) | 12 (20.34) | ||
| Former | 5 (4.42) | 3 (5.56) | 2 (3.39) | ||
| Physical activity, n (%) | No | 16 (25.00) | 9 (28.13) | 7 (21.88) | 0.564b |
| Yes | 48 (75.00) | 23 (71.88) | 25 (78.13) | ||
| Type of diabetes, n (%) | Type 1 diabetes | 5 (4.39) | 2 (3.70) | 3 (5.00) | 1.000c |
| Type 2 diabetes | 109 (95.61) | 52 (96.30) | 57 (95.00) | ||
| Diabetes complication, n (%) | No | 51 (44.74) | 25 (46.30) | 26 (43.33) | 0.751b |
| Yes | 63 (55.26) | 29 (53.70) | 34 (56.67) | ||
| Co-morbidities | No | 10 (8.77) | 8 (14.81) | 2 (3.33) | 0.045c |
| Yes | 104 (91.23) | 46 (85.19) | 58 (96.67) | ||
| Weight, kg | N [missing] | 112 [2] | 54 [0] | 58 [2] | 0.163a |
| Mean (SD) | 73.15 (14.30) | 71.25 (13.97) | 74.91 (14.50) | ||
| Median | 72.00 | 70.00 | 75.00 | ||
| Q1–Q3 | 63.25–81.00 | 63.00–76.00 | 64.50–83.50 | ||
| Min–Max | 44.00–122.00 | 44.00–122.00 | 46.00–116.00 | ||
| Pulse, number per min | N [missing] | 112 [2] | 53 [1] | 59 [1] | 0.768d |
| Mean (SD) | 82.70 (9.50) | 82.42 (9.11) | 82.95 (9.91) | ||
| Median | 80.00 | 80.00 | 80.00 | ||
| Q1–Q3 | 76.50–89.00 | 76.00–89.00 | 77.00–90.00 | ||
| Min–Max | 61.00–116.00 | 62.00–109.00 | 61.00–116.00 | ||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | N [missing] | 113 [1] | 53 [1] | 60 [0] | 0.229a |
| Mean (SD) | 134.70 (18.32) | 137.00 (18.93) | 132.67 (17.67) | ||
| Median | 132.00 | 132.00 | 130.00 | ||
| Q1–Q3 | 122.00–145.00 | 125.00–144.00 | 121.50–145.00 | ||
| Min–Max | 99.00–200.00 | 104.00–200.00 | 99.00–185.00 | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | N [missing] | 113 [1] | 53 [1] | 60 [0] | 0.993a |
| Mean (SD) | 82.01 (11.66) | 83.34 (12.20) | 80.83 (11.12) | ||
| Median | 82.00 | 80.00 | 82.00 | ||
| Q1–Q3 | 76.00–89.00 | 76.00–89.00 | 78.00–88.50 | ||
| Min–Max | 41.00–126.00 | 60.00–126.00 | 41.00–100.00 |
a, the comparison was conducted using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test; b, the comparison was conducted using the chi-square test; c, the comparison was conducted using Fisher’s exact probability test; d, the comparison was conducted using Student’s t-test. SD, standard deviation; Q, quartile.