| BSA | bovine serum albumin |
| CB | sodium cacodylate trihydrate buffer |
| DIC | differential interference contrast |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium |
| DPBS | Dulbecco’s PBS |
| EGF | epidermal growth factor |
| EGFR | EGF receptor |
| EGFR-QD655 | EGFR coupled to EGF conjugated biotin coupled to streptavidin QD655 |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| FITC | Fluorescein isothiocyanate |
| GA | glutaraldehyde |
| GS | goat serum |
| HER2 | human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 |
| HER2-QD565 | HER2 bound to biotinylated anti-HER2 Affibody coupled to streptavidin QD565 |
| HPLC | high pressure liquid chromatography |
| LMP | large membrane protrusion |
| NEAAs | non-essential amino acids |
| PBS | phosphate buffered saline |
| PI3K | phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
| PLL | poly-L-lysine |
| QD | quantum dot |
| SF-DMEM | serum-free DMEM |
| STEM | scanning transmission electron microscopy |
| streptQD | streptavidin quantum dots |