TABLE 3.
Bivariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with concurrent wasting and stunting (WaSt) among children 6–59 months, Karamoja, June 2015–July 2018 Food Security and Nutrition Assessment (FSNA)
| Attributes | Bivariate | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cOR (95% CI) | p Value | aOR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| Male | 1.82 (1.63–2.03) | <0.001 | 1.79 (1.60–2.00) | <0.001 |
| Age (months) | ||||
| 6–11 | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| 12–23 | 2.28 (1.92–2.70) | <0.001 | 2.25 (1.85–2.74) | <0.001 |
| 24–35 | 1.18 (0.99–1.41) | 0.071 | 1.15 (0.95–1.40) | 0.157 |
| 36–47 | 0.76 (0.62–0.93) | 0.008 | 0.65 (0.50–0.84) | 0.001 |
| 48–59 | 0.78 (0.62–0.980 | 0.037 | 0.71 (0.54–0.93) | 0.014 |
| ARI in the last 2 weeks | ||||
| No | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| Yes | 1.40 (1.25–1.560 | <0.001 | 1.30 (1.15–1.48) | <0.001 |
| Diarrhoea in the last 2 weeks | ||||
| No | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| Yes | 1.22 (1.04–1.42) | 0.015 | 1.25 (1.06–1.48) | 0.009 |
| Malaria/fever infection in the last 2 weeks | ||||
| No | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| Yes | 0.80 (0.70–0.91) | 0.01 | 0.83 (0.73–0.96) | 0.010 |
| Maternal age (years) | ||||
| ≥40 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 30–39 | 0.98 (0.87–1.11) | 0.788 | — | — |
| 20–29 | 0.71 (0.62–0.80) | <0.001 | — | — |
| 15–19 | 0.74 (0.54–1.00) | 0.056 | — | — |
| Maternal education (years) | ||||
| ≥8 | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| 1–7 | 3.02 (2.03–4.48) | <0.001 | 2.12 (1.29–3.48) | 0.003 |
| No education | 3.74 (2.56–5.48) | <0.001 | 2.08 (1.28–3.38) | 0.003 |
| Number of live‐births | ||||
| 1–3 | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| 4–6 | 1.46 (1.31–1.62) | <0.001 | 1.51 (1.33–1.72) | <0.001 |
| ≥7 | 1.47 (1.26–1.720 | <0.001 | 1.56 (1.32–1.85) | <0.001 |
| Maternal BMIa (kg/m2) | ||||
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 2.06 (1.87–2.28) | <0.001 | 1.80 (1.58–2.04) | <0.001 |
| Overweight (≥25) | 0.48 (0.29–0.78) | 0.003 | 0.62 (0.36–1.06) | 0.078 |
| Maternal heighta (cm) | ||||
| ≥170 | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| 160–170 | 1.15 (0.94–1.42) | 0.175 | 1.17 (0.94–1.47) | 0.162 |
| <160 | 1.44 (1.18–1.77) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.22–1.83) | <0.001 |
| Maternal MUACb | ||||
| Normal (MUAC ≥23 cm) | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| Low MUAC (MUAC <23 cm) | 2.02 (1.76–2.32) | <0.001 | 1.28 (1.09–1.51) | 0.003 |
| Household head gender | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 1 | |||
| Female | 1.18 (1.05–1.33) | 0.006 | — | — |
| Household head education (years) | ||||
| ≥8 | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| 1–7 | 2.00 (1.50–2.65) | <0.001 | 1.57 (1.21–2.04) | 0.001 |
| No education | 2.42 (1.86–3.15) | <0.001 | 1.81 (1.37–2.41) | <0.001 |
| Wealth index | ||||
| Richest | 1 | — | — | — |
| Rich | 1.53 (1.32–1.79) | <0.001 | 1.29 (1.09–1.52) | 0.003 |
| Middle | 1.98 (1.67–2.36) | <0.001 | 1.38 (1.12–1.70) | 0.003 |
| Poorer | 2.02 (1.71–2.39) | <0.001 | 1.33 (1.10–1.60) | 0.002 |
| Poorest | 1.92 (1.64–2.26) | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.17–1.65) | <0.001 |
| Food consumption scores | ||||
| Acceptable | 1 | — | 1 | 1 |
| Borderline | 1.27 (1.14–1.43) | <0.001 | 1.10 (0.97–1.24) | 0.133 |
| Poor | 1.34 (1.16–1.55) | <0.001 | 1.13 (0.97–1.335) | 0.124 |
| Household livestock ownership | ||||
| Yes | 1 | — | — | — |
| No | 1.35 (1.21–1.51) | <0.001 | 1.30 (1.13–1.49) | <0.001 |
| Household access to land | ||||
| Yes | 1 | — | — | — |
| No | 1.05 (0.90–1.23) | 0.540 | — | — |
| Presence of latrine | ||||
| Yes | 1 | — | — | — |
| No | 1.27 (1.11–1.45) | <0.001 | — | — |
| Sources of drinking water | ||||
| Improved water sources | 1 | — | — | — |
| Unimproved water sources | 1.05 (0.90–1.22) | 0.545 | — | — |
| Season of survey | ||||
| Harvest | 1 | — | — | — |
| Hunger | 1.17 (1.03–1.31) | 0.012 | 1.14 (0.98–1.33) | 0.084 |
Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; ARI, acute respiratory infection; CI, confidence interval; cOR, crude odds ratio; MUAC, mid‐upper arm circumference.
a
For nonpregnant women.
b
For both pregnant and nonpregnant women.