TABLE 1.
Demographics and main variables of interest from the ATONU study midline evaluation, July to August 2017, Ethiopia
| ACGG | ACGG + ATONU | Control | Total | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level | Main outcomes and exposures | N = 434 | N = 426 | N = 536 | N = 1,396 | |
| Child outcomes and exposures | N = 228 | N = 208 | N = 307 | N = 743 | ||
| Household | Household dietary diversity score—1‐month recall a | 4 (3, 6) | 5 (3, 6) | 4 (3, 6) | 4 (3, 6) | 0.52 |
| Women | Women's dietary diversity score—24‐h recall | 3 (2, 4) | 3 (2, 4) | 3 (2, 4) | 3 (2, 4) | 0.67 |
| Women | % Consumption of meat (n) | 2.3 (10) | 3.8 (16) | 2.6 (14) | 2.9 (40) | 0.60 |
| Women | % Consumption of legumes (n) | 56.2 (244) | 53.5 (228) | 49.8 (267) | 52.9 (739) | 0.88 |
| Women | % Consumption of nuts (n) | 4.1 (18) | 2.1 (9) | 2.6 (14) | 2.9 (41) | 0.60 |
| Women | % Consumption of vitamin A‐rich foods (n) | 5.3 (23) | 4.7 (20) | 5.4 (29) | 5.2 (72) | 0.97 |
| Women | % Consumption of green leafy vegetables (n) | 30.6 (133) | 35.9 (153) | 33.8 (181) | 33.5 (467) | 0.83 |
| Women | % Consumption of eggs (n) | 7.1 (31) | 8.7 (37) | 4.1 (22) | 6.4 (90) | 0.54 |
| Women | % Consumption of dairy (n) | 20.3 (88) | 20.0 (85) | 17.2 (92) | 19.0 (265) | 0.92 |
| Women | % Women meeting minimum dietary diversity (binary, <5 food groups) | 9.2 (40) | 8.9 (38) | 10.1 (54) | 9.5 (132) | 0.75 |
| Child | Children's dietary diversity score with seven food groups (original indicator) | 3 (2, 4) | 3 (1, 4) | 3 (2, 3) | 3 (1, 3) | 0.63 |
| Child | % Children meeting minimum dietary diversity (<4 food groups) | 27.6 (63) | 25.4 (53) | 20.5 (63) | 24.1(179) | 0.37 |
| Child | % Consumption of meat (n) | 1.8 (4) | 1.0 (2) | 1.6 (5) | 1.5 (11) | 0.77 |
| Child | % Consumption of legumes (n) | 42.5 (97) | 32.2 (67) | 34.8 (107) | 36.4 (271) | 0.64 |
| Child | % Consumption of vitamin A‐rich foods (n) | 25.4 (58) | 28.3 (59) | 26.3 (81) | 26.6 (198) | 0.70 |
| Child | % Consumption of other fruits and vegetables (n) | 58.3(133) | 49.0 (102) | 53.7 (165) | 53.8 (400) | 0.50 |
| Child | % Consumption of eggs (n) | 14.4 (33) | 11.5(24) | 6.8 (21) | 10.5 (78) | 0.13 |
| Women | Women's age (years) | 35 (29, 40) | 35 (28, 40) | 32 (27, 38) | 34 (28, 39) | 0.003 |
| Men | Men's age (years) | 42 (35, 48) | 42 (35, 50) | 40 (35, 48) | 40 (35, 48) | 0.18 |
| Child | Children's age (months) | 23 (15, 33) | 23 (13, 33) | 21 (13, 31) | 22 (13, 32) | 0.66 |
| Women | Women's education b | |||||
| No schooling | 58.1 (252) | 60.8 (259) | 59.9 (321) | 59.6 (832) | 0.81 | |
| Primary 1 | 20.5 (89) | 18.0 (77) | 19.2 (103) | 19.3 (269) | ||
| Primary 2 | 12.4 (54) | 12.0 (51) | 15.7 (84) | 13.5 (189) | ||
| Secondary 1, Secondary 2 and university | 5.1 (22) | 5.4 (23) | 3.2 (17) | 4.4 (62) | ||
| Religious school/literacy programme | 3.9 (17) | 3.8 (16) | 2.0 (11) | 3.2 (44) | ||
| Men | Men's education b | |||||
| No schooling | 22.1 (96) | 26.1 (111) | 30.4 (163) | 26.5 (370) | 0.12 | |
| Primary 1 | 23.0 (100) | 24.6 (105) | 25.9 (139) | 24.6 (344) | ||
| Primary 2 | 31.3 (136) | 29.6 (126) | 25.8 (138) | 28.7 (400) | ||
| Secondary 1, Secondary 2 and university | 14.8 (64) | 11.5 (49) | 10.1 (54) | 12.0 (167) | ||
| Religious school/literacy programme | 8.8 (38) | 8.2 (35) | 7.8 (42) | 8.2 (115) | ||
| Household | % Access to improved water (n) | 83.8 (364) | 81.9 (349) | 73.1 (392) | 79.2 (1,105) | 0.33 |
| Household | % Access to improved sanitation (n) | 32.7 (142) | 30.8 (131) | 35.8 (192) | 33.3 (465) | 0.95 |
| Household | Size of land owned (timad; 4 timads = 1 hectare) | 4 (2, 7) | 4 (2, 6) | 3 (2, 5) | 4 (2, 6) | 0.63 |
| Household | Distance to the closest market (minutes, n = 1,171) | 45 (30, 60) | 40 (25, 60) | 60 (30, 90) | 45 (30, 60) | 0.13 |
| Household | Total number of HH members | 7 (5, 8) | 7 (5, 8) | 6 (5, 8) | 7 (5, 8) | 0.10 |
| Household | Food Insecurity Access (FIA) (%) | |||||
| Food secure | 54.8 (238) | 52.1 (222) | 48.3 (259) | 51.6(719) | 0.43 | |
| Mildly food insecure | 8.5 (37) | 12.2 (52) | 7.5 (40) | 9.2 (129) | ||
| Moderate food insecure | 19.6 (85) | 18.3 (78) | 23.3 (125) | 20.6 (288) | ||
| Severe FIA | 17.1 (74) | 17.4 (74) | 20.9 (112) | 18.6 (260) |
Abbreviations: ACGG, African Chicken Genetic Gains; ATONU, Agriculture to Nutrition.
a
Summary data are either presented as median with quartiles 1 and 3 (Q1, Q3) or percentages within treatment arms with sample size in parentheses.
b
"Primary 1" refers to 1–5 years of schooling; "Primary 2" refers to 6–9 years of schooling; "Secondary 1" and "Secondary 2" refer to 10–17 years of schooling.