TABLE 4.
Characteristics | Energy | Protein | Fat | Vitamin A | Vitamin C | Folate | Vitamin B6 | Niacin | Riboflavin | Thiamine | Iron | Calcium | Zinc | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IF nonconsumer a | Percent change | 1.4 | 1.7 | 2.0 | −42.6 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 2.8 | −6.3 | 6.6 | 2.5 | −10.1 | 4.3 | |
95%CI (lower, upper) | (−0.7, 3.6) | (−1.0, 4.7) | (−0.4, 4.6) | (−66.8, −2.7) | (−14.4, 21.7) | (−4.4,7.5) | (−3.6, 3.6) | (−0.8, 6.7) | (−13.2, 1.0) | (0.1, 13.7) | (−2.9, 8.3) | (−15.0, −5.1) | (0.3, 8.4) | ||
MDD‐W ≥ 3 b | Percent change | 5.4 | 9.0 | 8.3 | 189.8 | 39.2 | 21.2 | 7.9 | 9.3 | 20.3 | 24.7 | 14.0 | 13.2 | 12.2 | |
95%CI (lower, upper) | (3.3, 7.7) | (6.0, 12.1) | (5.7, 11.1) | (69.7, 400.3) | (16.9, 67.0) | (14.2, 28.5) | (4.0, 12.0) | (5.2, 13.4) | (11.4, 29.8) | (17.1, 33.0) | (7.9, 20.4) | (7.1, 19.7) | (7.9, 16.6) | ||
HH wealth index c | Lowest middle quintile | Percent change | −1.7 | −1.5 | −4.4 | −19.6 | 1.3 | −1.4 | −1.8 | −2.9 | −3.3 | −2.5 | −1.8 | −0.4 | −2.5 |
95%CI (lower, upper) | (−4.8, 1.3) | (−5.6, 2.6) | (−7.9, −0.8) | (−64.0, 80.4) | (−22.7, 31.7) | (−9.8, 7.6) | (−6.9, 3.7) | (−8.1, 2.6) | (−13.8, 8.2) | (−11.3, 7.0) | (−9.5, 6.5) | (−8.2, 8.0) | (−8.0, 3.3) | ||
Lower middle quintile | Percent change | −2.5 | −2.9 | −6.4 | −47.7 | −14.6 | −7.9 | −3.6 | −3.4 | −6.7 | −2.6 | −6.5 | −8.7 | −4.0 | |
95%CI (lower, upper) | (−5.6, 0.7) | (−7.0, 1.4) | (−10.0, −2.6) | (−77.0, 24.9) | (−34.9, 12.6) | (−16.1, 0.9) | (−9.0, 1.9) | (−8.9, 2.2) | (−17.1, 5.1) | (−11.9, 7.4) | (−14.2, 1.8) | (−16.2, −0.4) | (−9.7, 1.9) | ||
Upper middle quintile | Percent change | −3.4 | −3.0 | −4.7 | −52.8 | −13.2 | −7.7 | −5.5 | −6.6 | −7.7 | 0.7 | 0.1 | −4.8 | −3.1 | |
95%CI (lower, upper) | (−6.7, −0.2) | (−7.2, 1.4) | (−8.4, −0.9) | (−79.2, 14.5) | (−34.2, 13.8) | (−16.1, 1.2) | (−11.0, 0) | (−11.9, −1.1) | (−18.1, 3.8) | (−9.1, 11.2) | (−8.2, 9.2) | (−12.8, 3.8) | (−9.1, 2.7) | ||
Upper most quintile | Percent change | −2.5 | −0.9 | −6.3 | −24.3 | −2.0 | 0.9 | −3.1 | −2.7 | 4.9 | −3.9 | 2.4 | −2.3 | 1.2 | |
95%CI (lower, upper) | (−5.8, 0.7) | (−5.3, 3.5) | (−10.0, −2.5) | (−66.8, 84.8) | (−25.2, 29.7) | (−8.1, 10.8) | (−8.7, 2.4) | (−8.3, 3.0) | (−6.8, 18.3) | (−13.3, 6.0) | (−6.0, 11.7) | (−10.5, 6.6) | (−4.8, 7.6) | ||
Education level of women, primary and below d | Percent change | −2.2 | −2.3 | −2.0 | −0.9 | −0.2 | −5.4 | −3.0 | −4.1 | −10.6 | −3.4 | −6.7 | −3.6 | −4.9 | |
95%CI (lower, upper) | (−5.0, 0.6) | (−5.9, 1.4) | (−5.2, 1.3) | (−52.5, 103.0) | (−21.3, 27.1) | (−12.5, 2.4) | (−7.6, 1.8) | (−8.8, 0.7) | (−19.3, −0.9) | (−11.3, 5.0) | (−13.3, 0.4) | (−10.5, 3.7) | (−9.7, 0.2) | ||
Education level of women,secondary and above e | Percent change | −3.3 | −4.1 | −1.6 | −30.8 | −6.5 | −14.4 | −5.4 | −5.8 | −18.6 | −5.2 | −6.9 | −8.2 | −8.4 | |
95%CI (lower, upper) | (−7.4, 0.9) | (−9.4, 1.5) | (−6.5, 3.6) | (−77.3, 120.6) | (−36.7, 32.6) | (−24.2, −3.3) | (−12.2, 1.9) | (−12.7, 1.6) | (−30.4, −4.9) | (−16.7, 7.8) | (−16.9, 4.0) | (−18.1, 2.6) | (−15.5, −0.8) | ||
Education level of HOH, primary and below d | Percent change | −0.2 | −1.3 | 0.3 | −7.5 | 2.0 | 0.5 | −2.4 | 0.3 | −1.7 | −7.1 | −3.2 | 4.6 | −4.3 | |
95%CI (lower, upper) | (−5.6, 5.3) | (−10.1, 8.3) | (−10.6, 12.3) | (−73.4, 225.4) | (−28.1, 45.6) | (−18.6, 24.2) | (−11.8, 7.8) | (−8.0, 9.4) | (−17.5, 17.2) | (−23.4, 12.7) | (−20.6, 18.2) | (−14.2, 27.8) | (−14.4, 6.8) | ||
Education level of HOH, secondary and above e | Percent change | 1.1 | 0.7 | 2.5 | −47.1 | 14.7 | −4.1 | 0.3 | 2.5 | −2.9 | 1.8 | −3.0 | 3.7 | −2.1 | |
95%CI (lower, upper) | (−4.2, 6.8) | (−6.9, 9.3) | (−5.2, 11.0) | (−85.4, 90.4) | (−22.2, 68.2) | (−19.4, 14.2) | (−8.8, 10.4) | (−6.2, 12.1) | (−14.5, 23.6) | (−14.6, 21.4) | (−18.1, 14.2) | (−12.4, 22.1) | (−11.8, 8.5) | ||
FADI | Percent change | 4.4 | 7.8 | −5.4 | −33.0 | −16.3 | 16.4 | 1.8 | 5.7 | 28.3 | 10.0 | 6.6 | −2.3 | 10.5 | |
95%CI (lower, upper) | (−2.9, 12.2) | (−2.2, 18.8) | (−13.4, 3.3) | (−89.0, 325.0) | (−53.3, 53.1) | (−5.4, 43.0) | (−10.2, 15.3) | (−6.9, 19.7) | (−1.0, 65.9) | (−11.8, 36.6) | (−12.0, 28.9) | (−19.5, 18.3) | (−3.2, 26.2) | ||
ICC | 0.298 | 0.495 | 0.097 | 0.226 | 0.142 | 0.555 | 0.047 | 0.222 | 0.213 | 0.422 | 0.564 | 0.564 | 0.363 |
Note: Bold numbers indicate significance.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence intervals; FADI, Food Accessed Diversity Index; HOH: head of the household; ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient; IF, indigenous food.
IF Consumers.
MDD‐W < 3.
HH wealth index lowest quintile.
Above primary level of education.
Below secondary level of education.