Table 2.

Recognition of anaphylaxis using the ABCDE approach: signs and symptoms that may be present^4,53

ABCDE	Signs and symptoms
Airway	Swollen tongue Difficulty swallowing/speaking Throat tightness Hoarse voice Stridor
Breathing	Difficult or noisy breathing Chest tightness Persistent coughing Wheeze Tachypnoea
Circulation	Hypotension Tachycardia Pallor Collapse
Disability	Feeling dizzy or faint Confusion Agitation Syncope Loss of consciousness
Exposure	Skin changes: urticarial, angioedema and erythema Rhinitis and conjunctivitis Abdominal pain/cramps Nausea and vomiting Diarrhoea Sense of impending doom