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The relationship between the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy: RTK (receptor tyrosine kinase); PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase); PTEN (phosphate and tensin homology); AKT (serine/threonine kinase); TSC (tuberous sclerosis complex); mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin); AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase); ULK (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase ½); ATG (autophagy-related protein 13); ATG 101 (autophagy-related protein 101).
