Simulated and observed leaf area index under four different soil conditions. a) non-saline, b) 4 dS m−1, c) 8 dS m−1, and d) 12 dS m−1. Black lines represent outputs from APSIM-Oryza simulation, black dashed lines represent outputs from ORYZA v3, square points represent the observed leaf area index (LAI) values from the 2012 dry and wet season experiments (Expt.1& 2) at IRRI, Los Baños, Philippines. Error bars are standard deviation of the mean.