Table 1.
Parameter | Raw | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sous-Vide Method | Roasting (R180, 23 min) | Steaming (SP100, 16 min) | |||
57 °C, 20 min (SV57) | 63 °C, 80 min (SV63) | ||||
Total process duration (min) | - | 126 ± 0.0 | 145 ± 0.0 | 29 ± 1.3 | 48 ± 0.8 |
Energy consumption (kWh) | - | 0.440 ± 0.02 (0.022) * | 0.531 ± 0.01 (0.059) * | 0.790 ± 0.01 (0.454) * | 0.083 ± 0.01 (0.025) * |
Cooking loss (%) | - | 6.3 a ± 0.6 | 9.1 a,b ± 0.5 | 16.2 c ± 1.6 | 11.6 b ± 1.1 |
pH | 6.12 a ± 0.02 | 6.30 b ± 0.01 | 6.34 b,c ± 0.01 | 6.32 b ±0.03 | 6.39 c ± 0.02 |
* Values in brackets mean average energy consumption of the heat treatment process only. In the case of sous-vide the vacuum packaging is included as well; a, b, c—mean values marked by different letters in rows (between cooking methods), differ significantly at p ≤ 0.05.