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. 2020 Dec 10;10:21761. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78546-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Social preferences and prior expectations across age cohorts. Social preferences and prior expectations are features that may account for choices in the games. (a) Indifference points in the Ultimatum Game as a measure of disadvantageous inequality aversion and (b) Indifference points in the Dictator Game as a measure of advantageous inequality aversion were used as social preference measures. (c) Prior expectations for the Trust Game, with higher values indicating greater expectations that others are Trustworthy. (d) Prior expectations for the Coordination Game, with higher values indicating greater expectations that the others are Friendly (i.e., not tending to prioritise their own payoffs over those of others). In panels a-d, error bars show s.e.m. (e) Mediation model for the effect of age on trust behaviour towards players from the Trustworthy environment (controlled for trust choices towards players of the Untrustworthy environment), via disadvantageous inequality aversion. (f) Mediation model for the effect of age on coordination behaviour (i.e., accepting a disadvantage) when confronted with players from the Unfriendly environment (controlled for accepting disadvantages when playing with the Friendly environment), via disadvantageous inequality aversion. Note in mediation models: c = total effect, c’ = direct effect; values are standardized regression coefficients of direct effects, and asterisks indicate significance levels (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).