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. 2020 Dec 10;10:21609. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77589-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sensor number and spatial discrimination for on- and off-scalp systems. Sensor number (x-axis) is graphed against spatial discrimination (y-axis) for both on-scalp (green, blue) and off-scalp (red) systems at different signal levels (100 nAm, 10nAm). Neither system had discrimination performance below 12 mm at 1 nAm and the off-scalp system did not reach this level at 10 nAm and so these curves are not shown (results are averaged across brain regions). While both systems are capable of achieving spatial discrimination of sources better than 1 cm across the whole brain (black dotted lines), the on-scalp system (blue and green curves) can achieve this with considerably fewer channels. Importantly, one can see for a given spatial discrimination an on-scalp system requires fewer sensors than an off-scalp system for a given signal level. The sensor to scalp distances for on and off-scalp systems are 6.5 and 20 mm respectively.