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. 2020 Dec 10;10:21616. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77836-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Water droplets in mineral oil using couple 2. (a) $Q_{d}$ is fixed at 50 $μ$ L/min while the values of $Q_{c}$ are reported below each image. The scale bar is 450 $μ$ m. Capillary numbers as defined in Eq. (9) and with ${Ca}_{d} = \bar{Q} {Ca}_{c}$ , are ${Ca}_{d} = 0.0024$ and ${Ca}_{c} = 4.9 \times 10^{- 5} Q_{c}$ , with $Q_{c}$ in $μ$ L/min. (b) Coefficient of variation (CV) versus $Q_{c}$ for $Q_{d}$ fixed at 50 $μ$ L/min. The transition between the dripping monodisperse regime and the weakly polydisperse jetting regime occurs for $Q_{c} \approx 5200 \pm 500$ $μ$ L/min.