Table 6.
Antimicrobial activity of hydrolates concentrated by SPE on Arcobacter-like strains—mean inhibition zones in mm (including disc 6 mm in diameter) ± standard deviation and minimal inhibitory/bactericidal concentrations in %, n = 4.
|
Ab LMG 10828 |
Ab CCUG 30484 |
Ab UPa 2012/3 |
Ac CCM 7050 |
Ac UPa 2013/13 |
Al LMG 28517 |
As LMG 6621 |
At LMG 24488 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lavender | IZ | HHD_SPE | 9.5 ± 0.3 | 8.8 ± 0.3 | 12.8 ± 0.3 | 8.3 ± 0.5 | 8.0 ± 0 | 11.3 ± 1.0 | 9.0 ± 0.8 | 11.5 ± 0.3 |
| HSD_SPE | 10.8 ± 0.3 | 13.5 ± 0.6 | 10.5 ± 0.3 | 9.5 ± 0.9 | 11.5 ± 0.1 | 11.8 ± 0.3 | 10.3 ± 0.5 | 13.3 ± 0.9 | ||
| MIC/ MBC |
HHD_SPE | 0.4/0.8 | 0.8/0.8 | 0.8/1.6 | 0.8/0.8 | 0.8/0.8 | 0.8/0.8 | 0.4/0.4 | 0.8/1.6 | |
| HSD_SPE | 0.4/0.4 | 0.4/0.8 | 1.6/1.6 | 0.4/0.8 | 0.4/0.4 | 0.4/0.8 | 0.4/0.4 | 0.4/0.8 | ||
| Fennel | IZ | HHD_SPE | 7.8 ± 0.2 | 9.0 ± 0.8 | 10.5 ± 0.9 | 9.8 ± 0 | 8.5 ± 1.3 | 10.8 ± 0.5 | 7.8 ± 0.5 | 12.0 ± 0.1 |
| HSD_SPE | 10.8 ± 0 | 10.8 ± 0.5 | 10.8 ± 0.9 | 10.0 ± 0.2 | 10.0 ± 0.8 | 11.8 ± 0 | 10.3 ± 0.3 | 11.3 ± 0.5 | ||
| MIC/ MBC |
HHD_SPE | 1.6/1.6 | 3.1/3.1 | 1.6/3.1 | 0.8/0.8 | 1.6/1.6 | 1.6/1.6 | 0.8/0.8 | 1.6/1.6 | |
| HSD_SPE | 0.8/1.6 | 1.6/3.1 | 1.6/1.6 | 0.4/0.8 | 0.8/0.8 | 0.8/1.6 | 0.4/0.4 | 0.8/0.8 | ||
| Bay leaves | IZ | HHD_SPE | 8.0 ± 0.2 | 9.0 ± 0.8 | 9.0 ± 0 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | 11.3 ± 0.3 | 9.0 ± 0.3 | 10.8 ± 0 |
| HSD_SPE | 10.5 ± 0.3 | 9.5 ± 0.6 | 14.0 ± 0.8 | 10.3 ± 0.3 | 10.0 ± 0.3 | 10.5 ± 0.6 | 12.5 ± 0.7 | 13.3 ± 0.6 | ||
| MIC/ MBC |
HHD_SPE | 1.6/1.6 | 1.6/1.6 | 1.6/3.1 | 0.8/1.6 | 0.8/1.6 | 1.6/3.1 | 1.6/3.1 | 1.6/1.6 | |
| HSD_SPE | 0.8/1.6 | 0.8/1.6 | 0.8/1.6 | 0.8/1.6 | 0.8/1.6 | 1.6/3.1 | 1.6/1.6 | 0.8/0.8 | ||
| Clove | IZ | HHD_SPE | 10.5 ± 0.3 | 12.0 ± 0.9 | 13.0 ± 0.6 | 10.5 ± 0.3 | 14.3 ± 0.5 | 12.0 ± 0.6 | 12.0 ± 0.9 | 14.8 ± 0.5 |
| HSD_SPE | 12.5 ± 0.7 | 13.5 ± 0.4 | 14.5 ± 0.3 | 12.5 ± 0.3 | 16.5 ± 0.3 | 12.8 ± 0.7 | 11.0 ± 0.3 | 15.5 ± 0.7 | ||
| MIC/ MBC |
HHD_SPE | 0.1/0.1 | 0.2/0.2 | 0.8/0.8 | 0.2/0.2 | 0.4/0.4 | 0.4/0.4 | 0.2/0.2 | 0.4/0.4 | |
| HSD_SPE | 0.1/0.1 | 0.1/0.1 | 0.8/0.8 | 0.1/0.1 | 0.1/0.1 | 0.4/0.4 | 0.1/0.1 | 0.2/0.4 | ||
| Control | IZ | 8.0 ± 0.8 | 7.7 ± 0.5 | 7.7 ± 0.5 | 8.0 ± 0.8 | 7.0 ± 0.8 | 6.7 ± 0.5 | 8.3 ± 0.5 | 8.0 ± 0.8 | |
| MIC/MBC | 3.1/6.3 | 3.1/6.3 | 3.1/6.3 | 1.6/3.1 | 3.1/3.1 | 3.1/3.1 | 1.6/3.1 | 3.1/3.1 | ||
HHD_SPE—hydrolate obtained by hydrodistillation and 50× concentrated using solid phase extraction (SPE); HSD_SPE—hydrolate obtained by steam distillation and 50× concentrated using SPE; Control—solvent without active compounds; IZ—inhibition zone; MIC—minimal inhibitory concentration; MBC—minimal bactericidal concentration; Ab—A. butzleri; Ac—A. cryaerophilus; Al—A. lanthieri; As—A. skirrowii; At—A. thereius.