Table 7.
Antimicrobial activity of hydrolates concentrated by SPE on selected microorganisms—mean inhibition zones in mm (including disc 6 mm in diameter) ± standard deviation or minimal inhibitory concentrations in %, n = 4.
|
Sa CCM 4223 |
Ef CCM 4224 |
Pa CCM 3955 |
Ec CCM 3954 |
Ca CCM 8186 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lavender | IZ | HHD_SPE | 8.5 ± 0.7 | 7.5 ± 0.6 | 8.5 ± 0.4 | 8.8 ± 0.5 | 6.0 ± 0 |
| HSD_SPE | 8.3 ± 0.5 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | 10.5 ± 0.3 | 9.0 ± 0.3 | 6.0 ± 0 | ||
| MIC/ MBC |
HHD_SPE | 1.6/3.1 | 3.1/3.1 | 1.6/3.1 | 1.6/3.1 | 6.3/6.3 | |
| HSD_SPE | 1.6/3.1 | 1.6/3.1 | 1.6/1.6 | 1.6/3.1 | 6.3/6.3 | ||
| Fennel | IZ | HHD_SPE | 10.8 ± 0.9 | 9.3 ± 0.9 | 11.0 ± 0.8 | 11.3 ± 0.5 | 10.5 ± 0.6 |
| HSD_SPE | 11.3 ± 0.7 | 15.0 ± 0.1 | 11.5 ± 0.8 | 11.5 ± 0.3 | 11.8 ± 0.7 | ||
| MIC/ MBC |
HHD_SPE | 3.1/6.3 | 3.1/6.3 | 3.1/3.1 | 1.6/3.1 | 1.6/3.1 | |
| HSD_SPE | 3.1/6.3 | 1.6/3.2 | 1.6/3.1 | 1.6/3.1 | 1.6/3.1 | ||
| Bay leaves | IZ | HHD_SPE | 9.5 ± 0.3 | 11.0 ± 0.8 | 10.3 ± 0.7 | 10.3 ± 0.7 | 9.8 ± 0.9 |
| HSD_SPE | 9.5 ± 0.6 | 12.3 ± 0.5 | 11.5 ± 0.9 | 10.5 ± 0.9 | 13.3 ± 0.9 | ||
| MIC/ MBC |
HHD_SPE | 1.6/1.6 | 6.3/12.5 | 1.6/3.1 | 3.1/6.3 | 1.6/3.1 | |
| HSD_SPE | 1.6/1.6 | 6.3/6.3 | 3.1/6.3 | 1.6/3.1 | 0.4/0.8 | ||
| Clove | IZ | HHD_SPE | 15.8 ± 0.7 | 15.3 ± 0.3 | 11.3 ± 0.1 | 13.5 ± 0.7 | 14.8 ± 0.4 |
| HSD_SPE | 15.5 ± 0.9 | 18.8 ± 0.9 | 12.8 ± 0.7 | 14.0 ± 0.8 | 23.5 ± 0.7 | ||
| MIC/ MBC |
HHD_SPE | 0.4/0.4 | 0.8/0.8 | 0.8/1.6 | 3.1/6.3 | 6.3/6.3 | |
| HSD_SPE | 0.4/0.8 | 0.4/0.8 | 0.4/0.8 | 1.6/3.1 | 1.6/3.1 | ||
| Control | IZ | 7.3 ± 0.5 | 9.0 ± 0.8 | 8.7 ± 0.5 | 8.0 ± 0 | 6.3 ± 0.5 | |
| MIC/MBC | 12.5/12.5 | 12.5/12.5 | 3.1/6.3 | 6.3/12.5 | 6.3/12.5 | ||
HHD_SPE—hydrolate obtained by hydrodistillation and 50× concentrated using solid phase extraction (SPE); HSD_SPE—hydrolate obtained by steam distillation and 50× concentrated using SPE; Control—solvent without active compounds; IZ—inhibition zone; MIC—minimal inhibitory concentration; MBC—minimal bactericidal concentration; Sa—S. aureus; Ef—E. faecalis; Pa—P. aeruginosa; Ec—E. coli; Ca—C. albicans.