Figure 4.

Strategies to combat biofilm development on the surface. Intervention in the material properties can be made to draw an effect at various levels such that it can prevent adhesion and maturation or denatures and kills the constituent microorganism of the biofilm. Each intervention can be objectively analyzed by the corresponding measurands. A detailed analysis of a group of measurands provides a holistic view of the biofilm-resistant mechanism by factoring the different characteristics of the biofilm. See reference [35] for a detailed discussion on measurands and their relation to biofilm characteristics.