Table 3.
Historical perspective of anticancer drugs: Part 2. 2008–2014.
| Year of Approval | Drug (Therapy) | Category | Mode of Action | Targeted Hallmark | First Indications (Current) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solid Tumors | Blood Borne | Institution or Country | |||||
| 2008 | Oncophage | Therapeutic Vaccline | Bolstering anticancer immune response by autologous tumor-deriv heat shock protein gpg6 | 10 | Renal cell carcinoma | Russia | |
| 2009 | Cervarix | Therapeutic Vaccline | Vaccine against two types of HPV (16 and 18) | 10 | Prevention of cervical cancer and other cancers in the reproductivr organs | FDA | |
| 2011 | Sipuleucel-T (Provenge) | Therapeutic Vaccline (autologous cellular immunotherapy) | Bolstering anti prostate cancer adaptive immune response | 10 | Castration resistant prostate cancer | FDA | |
| --′′-- | Lpilimumab (Yervuy) | Immunotherapeutic/Biologic | Immune checkpoint inhibitor of CTLA-4 | 10 | Melanoma [matastatic] | EMA, TGA, FDA | |
| --′′-- | Vemurafenib (Zelboraf) | Chemotherapeutic | Inhibits proliferation without growth factors by inhibiting mutated BRAF serine-threonine kinase | 1 | Advanced melanoma with BRAF V600 mutation | FDA | |
| --′′-- | Brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) | Drug-kibked biologic | Cytot10oxic ag10ent-linked10 chimer10ic mouse/hum10an anti-huna1n CD301,2 | 1,2 | Hodgkin lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma; (cutaneous T cell lymphoma, peripheral T cell lymphoma) | FDA (EMA in 2012) | |
| --′′-- | Peginterferon alfa-2b (Sylatron) | Biologic | Cytokine, stimulates killing of tumor cells | 10 | Melanoma | FDA | |
| 2012 | Carfilzomib (Kyprolis) | Chemotherapeutic | Irreversible proteasome inhibitor, cell cycle block, apoptosis | 2 | Relapsed or refractory multiple melanoma | FDA | |
| 2013 | Pomalidomid (Pomalyst) | Chemotherapeutic (Thalidomide analogue) | An immunomoduatory drug, targets, protein cereblon; inhibits COX2, inhibits angiogenesis, induces apoptosis via G1 arrest | 1,2,8 | Relapsed or refractory multiple melanoma | FDA | |
| 2014 | Blinatumomab (Blincyto) | Biologic | moAb, a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE); CD 19 poditive cancers are killed by cytotoxic T cells | 10 | B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL] | FDA | |
| --′′-- | Tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah) | CAR T cell immunotherapy | Targeting the CD 19 receptor on cancer cells | 1,2 | B-ALL, (EMA in 2016, relapsed or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma; FDA in 2018) | EMA (FDA in 2017) | |
| --′′-- | Ramucriumab (Cyramaza) | Biologic | moAB that blocks interaction of VEGFR2 with ligands, inhibiting angiogenesis | 4 | Advanced stomach cancer and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma after prior therapy | FDA | |
| --′′-- | Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) and nivolumab (Opdivo) | Immunotherapeutic/Biologic | Immune checkpoint inhibitor of PD-1 | 10 | Not resectable melanoma; with ipilimumab-numerous indications (see in Table 5) | EMA, FDA, TGA and Japan | |