| GPC | grain protein content |
| GS | glutamine synthetase |
| GOGAT | glutamate synthase |
| NUE | Nitrogen Use Efficiency |
| NILs | near-isogenic lines |
| HIF | heterogeneous inbred family |
| GPC | grain protein content |
| GS | glutamine synthetase |
| GOGAT | glutamate synthase |
| NUE | Nitrogen Use Efficiency |
| NILs | near-isogenic lines |
| HIF | heterogeneous inbred family |