Table 5.

Combined effect of HR increases and AGSM effectiveness.

Variables	AGSM effectiveness < 2.5G		AGSM effectiveness ≥ 2.5G
	Adjusted OR† (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR† (95% CI)	P value
HR increase ratio*
≥ 20%	Ref		Ref
< 20%	2.93 (1.19–7.20)	0.019	1.26 (0.65–2.42)	0.493

HR heart rate, BMI body mass index, AGSM anti-G straining manoeuvre, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval.

^†Model adjusted for age, BMI.

*Maximal HR during the initial 1–5 s of the 9G profile divided by HR before 9G profile.