Table 2.

Description of (a) bee functional traits and (b) flowering plant functional traits used in this study.

Traits	Description
(a) Bees
Body size	Intertegular distance (µm)
Sociality	Three categories: Solitary, social, parasitic
Tongue length	Two categories: Long (> 3 mm), short (< 3 mm)
Nesting behaviour	Two categories: Above ground nesting (cavity, stem, wood), below ground nesting (within existing tunnels or excavators)
Voltinism	Two categories: Univoltine, bivoltine
Lecty	Two categories: Oligolectic, polylectic
(b) Flowering plants
Nectar holder depth	Quantitative (mm)
Flower colour	Four categories: Blue–violet, red–pink, white, yellow–orange
Flower shape	Three categories: Open, tubular, papilionaceous
Breeding system	Three categories: Allogamous, autogamous, mixed mating
Flower sex timing	Three categories: Protandrous, protogynous, homogamous
Plant longevity	Four categories: Annual, annual/biennial, biennial, perennial