Figure 1.

Biogenesis of exosomes: This process initiates with endocytosis. Subsequently, endocytic vesicles get formed and delivered to early endosomes which later fuse with each other forming late endosomes/multivesicular bodies (MVBs). MVBs release exosomes either by fusing with the cell membrane or subject their content to lysosomal degradation. The Trans-Golgi network (TGN) and Endosomal Sorting Complex Responsible for Transport (ESCRT) are also involved in exosome biogenesis and secretion into the extracellular space.