Table 1.
Terpenes as skin permeation enhancers encapsulated in nanostructured lipid systems.
| Terpenes | Nanosystem | Administration Route | Experimental Model | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Limonene, citral, cineole | Invasomes | Transdermal | In vitro (abdominal human skin) | [27,28] |
| β-citronellene | Invasomes | Transdermal | In vivo (rat skin) | [30,31] |
| Limonene, cineole, fenchone, citral | Invasomes | Cutaneous | In vivo (rat skin) | [32] |
| Limonene | Liposomes | Transdermal | In vitro (porcine skin) | [33] |
| Limonene | PEGylated liposomes | Transdermal | In vitro (porcine skin) | [34,35] |
| Limonene | Nanoemulsion | Transdermal | In vitro (abdominal human skin) | [36] |
| Eucalyptol | Nanoemulsion | Transfollicular | [37] | |
| Eucalyptol and pinene | Nanoemulsion | Transdermal | In vivo | [38] |
| Limonene and 1,8-cineole | SLN, NLC, Nanoemulsion | Cutaneous | In vitro | [9] |