| 3CL(pro) | 3c-Like Protease |
| ACLF | Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure |
| ADPR-cyclase | ADP-Ribosyl Cyclase |
| AKI | Acute Kidney Injury |
| AKIN | Acute Kidney Network |
| Akt | Protein Kinase B |
| AMPK | AMP-Activated Protein Kinase |
| ASK1 | Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 |
| BMDMs | Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages |
| BUN | Blood Urea Nitrogen |
| cADPR-hydrolase | Cyclic ADP-Ribose Hydrolase |
| CoVs | Coronaviruses |
| COVID-19 | Coronavirus disease 2019 |
| DHAV | Duck Hepatitis A Virus |
| GFR | Glomerular Filtration Rate |
| GSH-Px | Glutathione Peroxidase |
| HBV | Hepatitis B Virus |
| HCV | Hepatitis C Virus |
| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
| HIVAN | Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Nephropathy |
| I/R | Ischemia and reperfusion |
| ICU | Intensive Care Unit |
| IL | Interleukin |
| IL-18 | Interleukin-18 |
| iNOS | Nitric Oxide Synthase |
| IRF5 | Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 |
| JNK3 | C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 3 |
| KDIGO | Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes |
| KIM-1 | Kidney Injury Molecule-1 |
| L-FABP | Liver-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| MDA | Malondialdehyde |
| MERS-CoV | Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus |
| MMP-1 | Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 |
| MyD88 | Myeloid Differentiation Protein |
| NF-κB | Nuclear Factor κB |
| NGAL | Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin |
| PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase |
| RBF | Renal Blood Flow |
| RIFLE | Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stage Kidney Disease |
| RNS | Reactive Nitrogen Species |
| ROS | Reactive Oxygen Species |
| SARS | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome |
| SARS-CoV | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus |
| SCr | Serum Creatinine |
| SOD | Superoxide Dismutase |
| SYK | Tyrosine-Protein Kinase |
| TGF-β1 | Transforming Growth Factor Beta |
| TNF-α | Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha |
| TRAF6 | Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor 6 |