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. 2020 Dec 10;10:21689. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78663-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Self-healing performance of PAAm–Laponite–lead dioxide hydrogel. The molecular weight of lead dioxide is fixed as 3.23 M. (a) Tensile stress–strain curves of a pristine and a self-healing hydrogel containing 35.6 wt. % of Laponite versus PAAm. The sample was healed at 35 °C for 4 h. (b–e) The efficiency of self-healing in various conditions. Ratio between clay and PAAM, water weight percent, healing temperature and time were investigated. (f) Geometry of a grip and a sample for a tensile test. (g, h) Self-healing hydrogel is stretched up to 12 times of its initial length in a tensile machine. The gel has 35.6 wt% of clay/AAm ratio and 50.8 wt% of water content. The gel was healed at 35 °C for 4 h. Error bars show standard deviation; sample size n = 6.