Table 2.
Odds ratio for decreased kidney function.
| Variables | Kidney function: eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2)ª | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | |||
| Adjusted ORb | 95% CI | Adjusted ORb | 95% CI | |
| Uric acid level (mg/dL)c | ||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Q2 | 1.49 | (0.92–2.39) | 1.41 | (1.12–1.77) |
| Q3 | 1.70 | (1.10–2.64) | 2.24 | (1.82–2.76) |
| Q4 | 3.02 | (1.96–4.67) | 3.12 | (2.52–3.86) |
| Hyperuricemia | 5.49 | (3.64–8.29) | 5.79 | (4.37–7.66) |
| BMId | ||||
| Normal or underweight (< 23.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Overweight (23.0–24.9) | 1.45 | (1.05–2.00) | 0.87 | (0.73–1.04) |
| Obese (≥ 25.0) | 1.61 | (1.17–2.22) | 0.74 | (0.60–0.90) |
| Waist circumference | ||||
| Normal | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Abdominal obesity | 0.80 | (0.60–1.05) | 0.90 | (0.73–1.11) |
| Age | ||||
| < 40 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 40–49 | 1.58 | (1.15–2.18) | 1.42 | (1.17–1.72) |
| 50–59 | 1.36 | (0.93–1.98) | 1.61 | (1.31–1.98) |
| 60–69 | 2.30 | (1.55–3.43) | 2.24 | (1.75–2.88) |
| ≥ 70 | 4.63 | (3.11–6.90) | 3.14 | (2.37–4.17) |
| Household income | ||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Mid-low | 0.94 | (0.66–1.34) | 0.91 | (0.74–1.12) |
| Mid-high | 0.92 | (0.66–1.29) | 0.93 | (0.75–1.15) |
| High | 0.77 | (0.55–1.08) | 1.09 | (0.87–1.36) |
| Educational level | ||||
| ≤ Highschool | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ≥ College | 1.37 | (1.04–1.79) | 1.05 | (0.88–1.25) |
| Region | ||||
| Metropolitan | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Rural | 1.04 | (0.84–1.29) | 0.80 | (0.70–0.92) |
| Occupational categoriese | ||||
| White | 1.05 | (0.77–1.44) | 1.06 | (0.87–1.28) |
| Pink | 0.52 | (0.33–0.81) | 0.81 | (0.66–0.99) |
| Blue | 0.87 | (0.66–1.14) | 0.89 | (0.73–1.09) |
| Unemployed | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 1.30 | (0.98–1.74) | 1.38 | (1.08–1.77) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 2.19 | (1.70–2.82) | 1.28 | (1.04–1.56) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Dyslipidemia | ||||
| Yes | 0.92 | (0.70–1.23) | 0.96 | (0.80–1.14) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current smoker | 1.03 | (0.78–1.37) | 1.37 | (1.03–1.83) |
| Ex-smoker | 0.93 | (0.69–1.25) | 0.92 | (0.69–1.24) |
| Non-smoker | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Drinking status | ||||
| Frequently | 0.91 | (0.70–1.18) | 0.99 | (0.86–1.14) |
| Occasionally | 0.67 | (0.49–0.92) | 0.83 | (0.64–1.08) |
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Physical activity | ||||
| Active | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Inactive | 0.96 | (0.77–1.18) | 0.97 | (0.84–1.10) |
| Year | ||||
| 2016 | 1.04 | (0.85–1.28) | 1.08 | (0.94–1.25) |
| 2017 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
ªModification of Diet in Renal Disease estimated glomerular filtration rate for Korean population (mL/min per 1.73 m2) = 107.904 × (Creatinine in mg/dL)−1.009 × (age)−0.02 × 0.667 [if female].
bOR adjusted for all sociodemographic, economic, health-related factors considered in the study.
Q1: < 4.80 mg/dL, < 3.70 mg/dL; Q2: 4.80–5.49 mg/dL, 3.70–4.19 mg/dL; Q3: 5.50–6.09 mg/dL, 4.20–4.79 mg/dL; Q4: 6.10–6.99 mg/dL, 4.80–5.99 mg/dL; Hyperuricemia: ≥ 7.00 mg/dL, ≥ 6.00 mg/dL, respectively.
dBMI body mass index; Obesity status defined by BMI based on 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Overweight and Obesity in Korea.
eThree groups (white, pink, blue) based on the International Standard Classification Occupations codes. Unemployed group includes housewives.