Table 1.
Effects of footwear (CV vs. ML vs. BF), visual condition (EO vs. EC) and footwear * visual condition on the CoP metrics of postural stability (n = 30).
| CoP metric | Parameter | Estimate | SE | df | Sig | 95% CI lower bound | 95% CI upper bound |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AP velocity | Footwear (CV vs. ML) | 0.143 | 0.034 | 180 | < 0.001 | 0.076 | 0.211 |
| Footwear (BF vs. ML) | − 0.045 | 0.034 | 180 | 0.187 | − 0.112 | 0.022 | |
| Footwear (BF vs. CV) | − 0.174 | 0.023 | 180 | < 0.001 | − 0.235 | − 0.113 | |
| Standing condition (EO vs. EC) | − 0.130 | 0.034 | 180 | < 0.001 | − 0.197 | − 0.062 | |
| Footwear (CV vs. ML) * Visual | − 0.008 | 0.048 | 180 | 0.856 | − 0.104 | 0.086 | |
| Footwear (BF vs. ML) * Visual | 0.014 | 0.048 | 180 | 0.758 | − 0.080 | 0.110 | |
| Footwear (BF vs. CV) * Visual | 0.014 | 0.047 | 180 | 0.679 | − 0.086 | 0.106 | |
| AP rom | Footwear (CV vs. ML) | 0.100 | 0.039 | 180 | 0.013 | 0.021 | 0.178 |
| Footwear (BF vs. ML) | − 0.044 | 0.039 | 180 | 0.265 | − 0.123 | 0.034 | |
| Footwear (BF vs. CV) | − 0.126 | 0.028 | 180 | < 0.001 | − 0.194 | − 0.058 | |
| Standing condition (EO vs. EC) | − 0.072 | 0.039 | 180 | 0.072 | − 0.150 | 0.006 | |
| Footwear (CV vs. ML) * Visual | 0.014 | 0.056 | 180 | 0.803 | − 0.097 | 0.125 | |
| Footwear (BF vs. ML) * Visual | 0.051 | 0.056 | 180 | 0.360 | − 0.059 | 0.162 | |
| Footwear (BF vs. CV) * Visual | 0.043 | 0.050 | 180 | 0.706 | − 0.092 | 0.111 | |
| ML velocity | Footwear (CV vs. ML) | 0.243 | 0.042 | 180 | < 0.001 | 0.158 | 0.327 |
| Footwear (BF vs. ML) | − 0.012 | 0.042 | 180 | 0.775 | − 0.096 | 0.071 | |
| Footwear (BF vs. CV) | − 0.213 | 0.030 | 180 | < 0.001 | − 0.286 | − 0.141 | |
| Standing condition (EO vs. EC) | − 0.047 | 0.042 | 180 | 0.266 | − 0.131 | 0.036 | |
| Footwear (CV vs. ML) * Visual | − 0.044 | 0.060 | 180 | 0.461 | − 0.163 | 0.074 | |
| Footwear (BF vs. ML) * Visual | 0.039 | 0.060 | 180 | 0.517 | − 0.079 | 0.158 | |
| Footwear (BF vs. CV) * Visual | 0.015 | 0.052 | 180 | 0.805 | − 0.095 | 0.126 | |
| ML rom | Footwear (CV vs. ML) | 0.184 | 0.049 | 180 | < 0.001 | 0.086 | 0.283 |
| Footwear (BF vs. ML) | − 0.026 | 0.049 | 180 | 0.595 | − 0.124 | 0.071 | |
| Footwear (BF vs. CV) | − 0.186 | 0.035 | 180 | < 0.001 | − 0.271 | − 0.101 | |
| Standing condition (EO vs. EC) | − 0.010 | 0.049 | 180 | 0.831 | − 0.108 | 0.087 | |
| Footwear (CV vs. ML) * Visual | − 0.010 | 0.070 | 180 | 0.881 | − 0.149 | 0.128 | |
| Footwear (BF vs. ML) * Visual | 0.040 | 0.070 | 180 | 0.567 | − 0.099 | 0.179 | |
| Footwear (BF vs. CV) * Visual | 0.036 | 0.056 | 180 | 0.707 | − 0.093 | 0.131 |
CV conventional shoes, ML minimal shoes, BF barefoot, EO eyes open, EC eyes closed, CoP center of pressure, AP anterior–posterior, ML medio-lateral, rom range of motion, SE standard error, df degree of freedom, sig.- p value, CI confidence interval.