Table 1.

Classification, structure backbone and examples of the main classes of flavonoids.

Flavonoid Class	Structure Backbone	Example	Concentration	Radiation Type/Dose	Model	Mechanism	Ref.
Flavonol		Quercetin	50 mg/kg/d	CT (20 Gy)	Rat	Antioxidant	[21]
			5–100 μM	γ ray (2 Gy)	Neuron	Downregulates TNF-α	[85]
Flavone		Baicalein	1–10 μM	γ ray (16 Gy)	neural progenitor cell	Antioxidant; neuroprotective	[22]
			10 mg/kg/d	γ ray (5 Gy)	Mouse
Flavanol		EGCG	2.5 and 5 mg/kg/d	γ ray (4 Gy)	Rat	Downregulates TNF-α, IL-6; protects hippocampus	[89]
Anthocyanin		Cyanidin	200, 100 and 50 mg/kg/d	γ ray (6 Gy)	Mouse	Against immuno-suppression induced by the radiation	[93]
Flavanone		Silymarin	140 mg/kg/d	γ ray (0.2 and 0.6 Gy/d)	Rat	Repairs DNA damage	[94]
Isoflavone		Genistein	200 mg/kg/d	γ ray (8.75 Gy)	Mouse	Protects the hematopoietic progenitor cell	[95]