Figure 2.

Current distribution and virulence level of Orobanche cumana in the world. Distribution range of O. cumana in the worldwide regions updated to December 2019. Although different levels of virulence are not comparable horizontally, it is notable that the parasitic plant O. cumana evolves fast with the increasing production of sunflower. Letters in the figure refer to distinct virulence levels. Race A: China; Race B: None; Race C: Kazakhstan; Race D: China and Russia; Race E: Bulgaria, China, France, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, and Ukraine; Race F: Bulgaria, China, France, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Spain, Turkey, and Ukraine; Race G: Bulgaria, China, Kazakhstan, Romania, Russia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, Morocco, and Portugal; and Race H: Russia.