Figure 3.

Schematic illustration of the different root cell layers where resistances cans occur. Four layers of incompatibility described in the text are presented. (I) Incompatibility expressed after vascular connection, which was observed in Arabidopsis, cowpea, and in rice cultivar Nipponbare. (II) Endodermis blockage, which is observed in rice cultivar Nipponbare as well as in cultivar Koshihikari. (III) Mechanical barrier in the root cortex, observed in interaction with Lotus japonicus and occasionally with Phtheirospermum japonicum. (IV) Incompatibility preventing attachment, observed in interaction with P. japonicum. Parasite plant (right) and host plants (left, shown as a transverse section of a root). Adapted from Yoshida et al. [44].