Table 1.
Summary of collagen/bioactive glass composites for various biomedical applications.
| Bioactive Glass | Technique | Composites’ Characteristics | Applications | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BGMS10 (2.3Na2O-2.3K2O-25.6CaO-10.0MgO-10.0 SrO-2.6 P2O5-47.2 SiO2 mol%) |
Manually mixing | Non-cytotoxic; putties containing bioactive glass enhanced cell proliferation | Dentistry and reconstructive surgery | [40] |
| 65SiO2-30CaO-5P2O5 wt% | Slurry-dipping technique | Porosity of 81 ± 4.6% and pore size of 40–200 μm; water adsorption 52.26 ± 11.37%; compression strength 5.80 ± 1.60 MPa; elastic modulus 0.35 ± 0.10 GPa; flexure strength 1.90 ± 0.15 MPa; flexure modulus 27.90 ± 1.32 MPa; tensile strength 3.56 ± 0.22 MPa; tensile modulus 82.00 ± 17.40 MPa. The mechanical properties well-matched with the mechanical properties of trabecular bones; good biocompatibility | Scaffolds for hard tissue | [78] |
| 58S, 70S | Freeze-drying and lyophilization technique | Porosity 87–88%; density 0.0015–0.0016 g/cm3. Induced bone mineral-like phase, signs of in vitro bone bioactivity | Scaffolds for hard tissue | [79] |
| 45S5 (nanoparticles) | Plastic compression technique | Good cell viability, high ALP activity, crystalline carbonated hydroxyl apatite growth |
Scaffolds for potential bone tissue engineering | [80] |
| 58SiO2-38CaO-4P2O5 | Freeze-drying technique | Average thickness 181 μm. Active induction of apatite minerals; significantly high ALP levels | Membranes and scaffolds for bone regeneration | [82] |
| CaO-P2O5-SiO2 or silica particles | Mixing solution | In vitro osteoconductivity properties | Hydrogels for bone repair and tissue engineering | [96] |
| 45S5 | Compression molding | Early angiogenic response | Films for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine | [97] |
| Mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles mBGn (85SiO2–15CaO mol%) | Solvent casting | Improved chemical stability, reduced hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation, and increased resistance to loading and stiffness. Storage modulus (E’) of collagen (Col) = 75 kPa, E’ of collagen/bioactive glass (Col-mBGn) = 130–160 kPa and E’ Col–mBGn (Aminated) = 150–280 kPa | Hydrogel for hard tissue engineering | [98] |
| Si/Ca/P = 80:15:5 mol% | Electrospinning | Improved tensile strength, promotion the secretion of type I collagen (COL-I) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human dermal fibroblast (HDFs), in vivo: skin regeneration in the wound area |
Skin wound dressing | [101] |