Table 2.
Dependent and independent variables in 32 factorial design used for the optimization of Curcumin-loaded proniosomes.
| Formula Code | Variables | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | Dependent | ||||
| X1 | X2 | Y1 * | Y2 * | ||
| F1 | −1 | −1 | 89.06 ± 2.12 | 51.74 ± 1.23 | |
| F2 | −1 | 0 | 81.11 ± 1.36 | 76.56 ± 1.41 | |
| F3 | −1 | 1 | 68.61 ± 1.62 | 92.52 ± 2.69 | |
| F4 | 0 | −1 | 94.11 ± 1.27 | 42.71 ± 1.74 | |
| F5 # | 0 | 0 | 89.94 ± 2.31 | 70.89 ± 1.62 | |
| F6 | 0 | 1 | 70.11 ± 1.49 | 89.76 ± 1.44 | |
| F7 | 1 | −1 | 81.89 ± 1.25 | 61.78 ± 1.38 | |
| F8 | 1 | 0 | 69.17 ± 1.41 | 84.26 ± 1.34 | |
| F9 | 1 | 1 | 60.33 ± 1.61 | 94.91 ± 2.18 | |
| Independent variables | Low (−1) | Medium (0) | High (+1) | ||
| X1: Ratio of surfactant to CHOL | 90:160 | 150:100 | 210:40 | ||
| X2: Type of surfactant | Span 60 | Span 60 & Tween 80 | Tween 80 | ||
Notes: Y1: EE (%), Y2: Q12h (%), * the data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3), # Optimized Formula, 1 g of maltodextrin per 1 mmole of the surfactant–lipid mixture. Abbreviations: Q12h, drug released after 12 h; EE, entrapment efficiency; CHOL, cholesterol.