| Glut4 | Glucose transporter type 4 |
| HKII | Hexokinase II |
| G6P | Glucose-6-phosphate |
| PFKM | ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase |
| PKM | Pyruvate kinase |
| MPC1 | Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 |
| PDH | Pyruvate dehydrogenase |
| CS | Citrate synthase |
| ACO2 | Aconitase 2 |
| OGDH | Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase |
| SDH | Subunit of succinate dehydrogenase |
| FH | Fumarate Hydratase |
| NAD+ | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
| NADH | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
| FAD+ | Flavin adenine dinucleotide |
| FADH2 | Reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide |
| ETC | Electron transfer chain |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
| ADP | Adenosine di-phosphate |
| 6-PG | 6-phosphogluconate |
| R5P | Ribose 5-phosphate |
| X5P | Xylulose 5-phosphate |
| G3P | Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate |
| S7P | Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate |
| F3P | Fructose 6-phosphate |
| E4P | Erythrose 4-phosphate |
| ATGL | Adipose triglyceride lipase |
| DGAT | Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase |
| CPT1 | Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I |
| SLC25A20 | Solute Carrier Family 25 Member 20 |
| HADH | Hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase |
| ECHS | Enoyl-CoA hydratase |
| SCOT1 | Succinyl-CoA-3-oxaloacid CoA transferase |
| BCAA | Branched-chain amino acids |
| BCKDH | Branched Chain Keto Acid Dehydrogenase E1 |
| BCAT | Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase |
| Leu | Leucine |
| Ile | Isoleucine |
| Val | Valine |
| a.a. | Amino acid |
| AcAc | Acetylacetonate |
| b-OHB | Beta-hydroxybutyrate |
| β-Ox | Beta oxidation |
| GSH | Glutathione |
| GSSG | Glutathione disulfide |
| MAM | Mitochondria-associated membrane |
| ER | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| TEM | Transmission electron microscopy |
| [Ca2+]i | Intracellular Ca2+ concentration |
| MCU | Mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter |
| NCX | Na+/Ca2+ exchanger |
| TCA cycle | Tricarboxylic acid cycle |
| IP3Rs | Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors |
| VDAC | Voltagedependent anionselective channel |
| GRP75 | Chaperone 75kDa glucoseregulated protein |
| RYR | Ryanodine receptor |
| Gimap5 | GTPase of immune-associated protein 5 |
| PNM | Perinuclear mitochondria |
| SSM | Subsarcolemmal mitochondria |
| IFMs | Interfibrillar mitochondria |
| OMM | Mitochondrial outer membrane |
| OXPHOS | Oxidative phosphorylation |
| FAO | Fatty acid oxidation |
| PCr | Phosphocreatine |
| PPP | Pentose phosphate pathway |
| PPARs | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors |
| PFK1 | ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase |
| G6PD | Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| KB | Ketone bodies |
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