. 2020 Nov 28;21(23):9057. doi: 10.3390/ijms21239057

Table 1.

Examples of reactions with the participation of CoA-SH as a substrate in human cells; based on Ridgway and Mcleod and the UniProt database [7,13].

CoA-SH as a Substrate
	Enzyme	Reaction	Process
Lipid metabolism	acyl-CoA synthetases (ACS)	fatty acid + CoA-SH + ATP → fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + PP_i	fatty acids activation
	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2)	acylcarnitine + CoA-SH → carnitine + fatty acyl-CoA	carnitine shuttle
	thiolases e.g., β-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase	acyl-CoA + CoA-SH → acyl_{(n carbon-2)}-CoA + acetyl-CoA acetoacetyl-CoA + CoA-SH → 2 acetyl-CoA	fatty acids oxidation ketone bodies oxidation
	ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY)	citrate + ATP + CoA-SH → oxaloacetate + acetyl-CoA + ADP + P_i	lipogenesis, synthesis of cholesterol and others
Carbohydrate metabolism	pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)	pyruvate + CoA-SH + NAD⁺ → acetyl-CoA + NADH + H⁺ + CO₂	oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
Amino acids metabolism	branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex	α-ketoisovaleric acid + CoA-SH + NAD⁺ → isobutyryl-CoA + NADH + H⁺ + CO₂ α-ketoisocapronic acid + CoA-SH + NAD⁺ → iso-valeryl-CoA + NADH + H⁺ + CO₂ α-keto-β-methylvaleric acid + CoA-SH + NAD⁺ → α-methylbutyryl-CoA + NADH + H⁺ + CO₂	oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain α-keto acids
Lipid, carbohydrate, amino acids and ethanol metabolism	α-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex	α-oxoglutarate + CoA-SH + NAD⁺ → succinyl-CoA + NADH + H⁺ + CO₂	tricarboxylic acid cycle
Lipid, carbohydrate, amino acids and ethanol metabolism	acetyl-CoA synthetase	acetate + CoA-SH +ATP → acetyl-CoA +AMP + PP_i	ethanol metabolism, acetate formed by gut microbiota metabolism