Table 2.

The definition and standards of the 5 FI (Frailty Index) components for the frailty scale.

Variable	Definition	Criteria	Survey Question Number
Fatigue exhaustion	Did you often feel tired during the recent month?	Frailty ≥ 3 items pre-frailty 1–2 items Healthy = 0	Fatigue B6-2
Ambulation walking speed (4 m)	Did you have any difficulty climbing up 10 steps by yourself and without using aids?		Resistance D5-3
Resistance TUG test score (>10 s)	1. Did you have any difficulty walking 200 or 300 m by yourself and without using aids? 2. Illness: “Did a doctor tell you that you have the following 11 illnesses?		Ambulation D5-2 B2-3
Illness poly-pharmacy	The illnesses included hypertension, diabetes, angina, heart attack, congestive heart failure, stroke, chronic lung disease, asthma, arthritis, cancer, kidney disease		Illness B2-1-1 B2-1-4 B2-1-5 B2-1-6 B2-2-5 B2-2-2 B2-1-11 B2-1-12 B2-1-8 B2-1-7 B2-1-21
1. Weight loss 2. Malnourished and risk of malnutrition	MNA-SF; Short Form Mini Nutritional Assessment		Loss of Weight C5-9 C5-1-10

TUG, timed up and go test.