Table 3.
Relationship between the oral condition and physical factors.
| Oral Frail Condition | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robust | (%) | Pre-Frailty | (%) | Frailty | (%) | p-Value | ||
| Participant | 215 | 50.4 | 144 | 33.7 | 68 | 15.9 | ||
| Age * | 71.5 | 5.3 | 72.8 | 5.3 | 75.8 | 6.8 | p < 0.001 | a, b |
| Gender Male | 72 | 33.5 | 54 | 37.5 | 26 | 37.7 | 0.679 | |
| Female | 143 | 66.5 | 90 | 62.5% | 43 | 62.3 | ||
| BMI | 22.5 | 2.8 | 22.6 | 3.0 | 22.4 | 2.5 | 0.763 | |
| SMI | 6.5 | 0.9 | 6.5 | 1.0 | 6.3 | 0.7 | 0.203 | |
| Body fat | 27.1 | 7.3 | 27.0 | 6.9 | 27.6 | 7.7 | 0.827 | |
| MMSE * | 28.5 | 1.7 | 28.3 | 1.9 | 27.2 | 4.0 | p < 0.001 | a, b |
| Walking speed (m/sec) * | 1.52 | 0.24 | 1.47 | 0.21 | 1.41 | 0.26 | 0.001 | a |
| High knee extension (N) * | 383.7 | 114.9 | 367.9 | 126.6 | 332.2 | 100.6 | 0.021 | a |
*: Significant difference in Kruskal–Wallis test. a: There is a significant difference between Robust and Frailty, b: There is a significant difference between Pre-frailty and Frailty. The following six items in Table 2 were used in assessing the degree of oral frailty: The number of remaining teeth, gingival condition, occlusal force, masticatory efficiency, and swallowing and dry mouth in KCL. Those who had reduced function in three or more items were assessed as frailty; those who had reduced function in 1–2 items were assessed as pre-frailty; and those who did not have reduced function in any item were assessed as robust. SMI: Skeletal muscle mass index, BMI: Body mass index, MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination. p-value: Kruskal–Wallis test. Multiple comparison: Mann–Whitney U test; the p-value was adjusted by Bonferroni correction.