Table 1.
Profile of participants (N = 9768).
| Characteristics | All (N = 9768) | Chinese (N = 4618) | Malays (N = 2535) | Indians (N = 2615) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Proportion (%) | N | Proportion (%) | N | Proportion (%) | N | Proportion (%) | p-Value for between Ethnicity Diffterences | |
| Age (in years), mean ± SD | 45.2 ± 12.5 | 46.3 ± 12.4 | 44.3 ± 12.7 | 44.3 ± 12.5 | <0.001 | ||||
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 4169 | 42.7 | 2054 | 44.5 | 1037 | 40.9 | 1078 | 41.2 | 0.003 |
| Female | 5599 | 57.3 | 2564 | 55.5 | 1498 | 59.1 | 1537 | 58.8 | |
| Marital Status (Missing = 4) | |||||||||
| Never married | 1624 | 16.6 | 882 | 19.1 | 352 | 13.9 | 390 | 14.9 | <0.001 |
| Currently married | 7428 | 76.1 | 3493 | 75.6 | 1981 | 78.1 | 1954 | 74.8 | |
| Separated | 43 | 0.4 | 13 | 0.3 | 14 | 0.6 | 16 | 0.6 | |
| Divorced | 293 | 3.0 | 91 | 2.0 | 86 | 3.4 | 116 | 4.4 | |
| Widowed | 376 | 3.9 | 137 | 3.0 | 101 | 4.0 | 138 | 5.3 | |
| Educational Status | |||||||||
| No formal education/Lower primary | 687 | 7.0 | 302 | 6.5 | 191 | 7.5 | 194 | 7.4 | <0.001 |
| Primary education | 1966 | 20.1 | 733 | 15.9 | 609 | 24.0 | 624 | 23.9 | |
| Secondary education | 3558 | 36.4 | 1549 | 33.5 | 1076 | 42.4 | 933 | 35.7 | |
| Technical certification a | 587 | 6.0 | 162 | 3.5 | 273 | 10.8 | 152 | 5.8 | |
| Foundation/Associate degrees b | 1707 | 17.5 | 999 | 21.6 | 314 | 12.4 | 394 | 15.1 | |
| University | 1263 | 12.9 | 873 | 18.9 | 72 | 2.8 | 318 | 12.2 | |
| Employment Status (Missing = 3) |
|||||||||
| Working | 6451 | 66.1 | 3294 | 71.4 | 1514 | 59.7 | 1643 | 62.8 | <0.001 |
| Student (full-time) | 215 | 2.2 | 118 | 2.6 | 37 | 1.5 | 60 | 2.3 | |
| Homemaker/Housewife | 2171 | 22.2 | 762 | 16.5 | 776 | 30.6 | 633 | 24.2 | |
| Retired | 526 | 5.4 | 314 | 6.8 | 115 | 4.5 | 97 | 3.7 | |
| Unemployed (able to work) | 312 | 3.2 | 89 | 1.9 | 79 | 3.1 | 144 | 5.5 | |
| Unemployed (unable to work) | 50 | 0.5 | 16 | 0.3 | 6 | 0.2 | 28 | 1.1 | |
| Others | 40 | 0.4 | 22 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.3 | 10 | 0.4 | |
| Mean Monthly Household Income (SGD) | |||||||||
| Less than 2000 | 2205 | 22.6 | 633 | 13.7 | 775 | 30.6 | 797 | 30.5 | <0.001 |
| 2000 to 3999 | 2471 | 25.3 | 916 | 19.8 | 745 | 29.4 | 810 | 31.0 | |
| 4000 to 5999 | 1561 | 16.0 | 684 | 14.8 | 428 | 16.9 | 449 | 17.2 | |
| 6000 to 9999 | 989 | 10.1 | 570 | 12.3 | 176 | 6.9 | 243 | 9.3 | |
| More than 10,000 | 377 | 3.9 | 314 | 6.8 | 14 | 0.6 | 49 | 1.9 | |
| Missing | 2165 | 22.2 | 1501 | 32.5 | 397 | 15.7 | 267 | 10.2 | |
a Includes technical schools for pre-employment—in Singapore terms: ITE, Institute of Technical Education /NTC, National technical certificate. b Includes—in Singapore terms: ‘A’ level/Polytechnic/Diploma. Bold values indicate statistical significance.