Table 1. Major themes and key outcomes in the G20 Health Ministers' Declaration.

Items	2017, Germany	2018, Argentina	2019, Japan
UHC/HSS	• Appreciate the establishment of the UHC2030. • Request for reliable evidence base and appropriate indicators to monitor progress. • Encourage investment in building a skilled and motivated health workforce.	• Encouraged investment in building the health workforce. • Encouraged sharing best practices of e-health including effective policy design and implementation.	• Promote use of data and digital technologies. • Highlight the importance to build institutional capacity, including human resources for developing health policies. • Work with Finance Ministers and relevant stakeholders for financial sustainability.
Aging	‒	‒	• Affirm active and healthy aging as priority. • Commit to develop and implement multi-sectoral national action plans on dementia.
AMR	• Highlight the importance of the R&D initiatives to examine push and pull mechanisms. • Commit to create an AMR National Action Plan and aim to implement them by the end of 2018.	• Welcome the establishment of the Global AMR R&D Hub and encourage investment in R&D.	• Encourage investment in R&D and reaffirm the need to further examine practical market incentives. • Enhance implementation of policy measures to prevent infections and stewardship of antimicrobials.
Health Emergency	• Highlight the need for monitoring and evaluation measures of IHR implementation and the importance of implementing IHR, including building core capacities within the context of HSS.	• Encourage member states to contribute to the CFE. • Emphasize the need for multi-sectoral preparedness efforts.	• Encourage WHO to broaden donor base for the CFE and contribute to it.
Nutrition	‒	• Commit to take action to tackle malnutrition, with a particular focus on childhood overweight and obesity, including through enhanced inter-sectoral efforts.	• Acceleration of efforts to enhance nutrition in the framework of the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition (2016- 2025).

Note: Names of host cities, time-line and major themes of G20 Health Ministers' Meetings are listed in chronological order. Key pillars discussed in Berlin in 2017, including health systems strengthening, health risk management, and AMR, have been taken over by the subsequent presidencies. Malnutrition and response to population aging are unique themes discussed in Mar del Plata and Okayama.

Abbreviations: AMR, antimicrobial resistance; HSS, health systems strengthening; UHC, universal health coverage; UHC2030: International Health Partnership for Universal Health Coverage 2030.