Table 1.
Baseline and pregnancy characteristics
| Group 1–20-39% abnormal glucose values at pharmacotherapy (N = 175) | Group 2 – ≥40% abnormal glucose values at pharmacotherapy (N = 242) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 32.0 ± 4.7 | 31.5 ± 5.3 | 0.241 |
| Early pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 32.1 ± 8.3 | 35.3 ± 9.3 | < 0.001 |
| Nulliparity | 61 (34.9%) | 88 (36.4) | 0.751 |
| Insurance | < 0.001 | ||
| Private | 117 (67.6%) | 124 (52.3%) | |
| Public | 32 (18.5%) | 93 (39.2%) | |
| None | 24 (13.9%) | 20 (8.4%) | |
| Maternal race/ethnicity | < 0.001 | ||
| White | 119 (68.0%) | 116 (47.9%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 17 (9.7%) | 62 (25.6%) | |
| Hispanic | 10 (5.7%) | 36 (14.9%) | |
| Other | 29 (16.6%) | 28 (11.6%) | |
| Marital status | 0.001 | ||
| Married | 124 (76.5%) | 132 (58.9%) | |
| Divorced | 4 (2.5%) | 9 (4.0%) | |
| Single | 34 (21.0%) | 83 (37.1%) | |
| Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Results | |||
| Fasting (mg/dL) | 92.3 ± 9.9 | 101.0 ± 17.0 | < 0.001 |
| 1-h (mg/dL) | 191.6 ± 25.0 | 201.3 ± 29.4 | 0.005 |
| 2-h (mg/dL) | 172.0 ± 27.7 | 185.0 ± 32.7 | 0.001 |
| 3-h (mg/dL) | 129.7 ± 36.1 | 142.8 ± 34.1 | 0.011 |
| Gestational age at diagnosis (weeks) | 25.1 ± 6.3 | 26.2 ± 5.6 | 0.073 |
| Gestational age at treatment (weeks) | 29.0 ± 6.0 | 29.5 ± 5.3 | 0.403 |
| Managing Provider | 0.030 | ||
| MFM | 19 (10.9%) | 45 (18.7%) | |
| General OB/GYN | 98 (56.3%) | 139 (57.7%) | |
| Endocrinology | 57 (32.8%) | 47 (23.7%) | |
| Tobacco use | 13 (7.5%) | 22 (9.2%) | 0.479 |
| Maternal chronic hypertension | 10 (5.7%) | 10 (4.1%) | 0.456 |
| Gestational weight gain (kg) | 8.6 ± 6.7 | 9.6 ± 7.2 | 0.183 |
| Insulin given as initial treatment | 84 (48.3%) | 111 (46.8%) | 0.773 |
All data presented as N (%) or mean ± SD, bold indicates statistical significance
BMI body mass index, MFM maternal-fetal medicine, OB/GYN obstetrician gynecologist