Table 1.

Demographic, Current Psychiatric, and Behavioral Status for Participants Who Completed Initial Enrollment and Follow-Up Assessments

	Initial Assessment (n = 397)				Follow-Up Assessment (n = 205)				Statistical Test
	n	%	M	SD	n	%	M	SD
Variable
Age (years)			32.34	8.58			34.21	8.58	t(600) = −2.546*
Male gender	364	91.7			182	88.8			χ2(1, n = 205) =1.347
Education (years)			14.0	1.96			14.38	2.22	t(600) = −2.140*
Race/ethnicity
White	297	74.8			150	73.2			χ2(1, n = 205) = 0.181
Black	29	7.3			15	7.3			χ2(1, n = 205) = 0.000
Hispanic	58	14.6			33	16.1			χ2(1, n = 205) = 0.237
Other	7	1.8			3	1.5			χ2(1, n = 205) = 0.073
Unknown/missing	6	1.5			4	2.0			χ2(1, n = 205) = 0.205
Service branch
Army	113	28.5			50	24.4			χ2(1, n = 205) = 1.148
Navy	14	3.5			7	3.4			χ2(1, n = 205) = 0.004
Air Force	16	4.0			7	3.4			χ2(1, n = 205) = 0.133
Marines	76	19.1			35	17.1			χ2(1, n = 205) = 0.359
National Guard	130	32.7			89	43.4			χ2(1, n = 205) = 6.679**
Reserves	48	12.1			17	8.3			χ2(1, n = 205) = 2.022
Deployments
Number			1.49	0.81			1.42	0.77	t(600) = 1.012
Months			14.36	8.55			14.26	9.01	t(600) = 0.122
Months since last deployment			42.27	33.71			61.18	38.59	t(600) = −6.200***
Combat exposurea			17.43	11.82			16.04	11.44	t(600) = 1.380
N of military mTBIs			0.84	1.59			0.76	1.51	t(600) = 0.654
PTSD	241	60.7			104	50.7			χ2(1, n = 205) = 5.516*
PTSD severity			51.10	29.64			45.18	28.74	t(600) = 2.347*
ΔPTSD severityb							−3.51	20.77	t(600) = −2.359*
Depressive disorders	110	27.7			44	21.5			χ2(1, n = 205) = 2.725
Major	98	24.7			39	19.0			χ2(1, n = 205) = 2.464
Other	12	3.0			4	2.0			χ2(1, n = 205) = 0.599
Anxiety disorders	84	21.2			40	19.5			χ2(1, n = 205) = 0.238
Panic	36	9.1			15	7.3			χ2(1, n = 205) = 0.535
Social phobia	23	5.8			8	3.9			χ2(1, n = 205) = 0.990
GAD	34	8.6			16	7.8			χ2(1, n = 205) = 0.102
Other	23	5.8			17	8.3			χ2(1, n = 205) = 1.361
Substance use disorder	61	15.4			30	14.6			χ2(1, n = 205) = 0.067
Alcohol	53	13.4			21	10.3			χ2(1, n = 205) = 1.210
Other	13	3.3			12	5.9			χ2(1, n = 205) = 2.259
Current pain	283	71.3			149	72.7			χ2(1, n = 205) = 0.131
30-day averagec			31.08	26.11			30.48	26.68	t(600) = 0.263
Sleep disturbance	315	79.3			161	78.5			χ2(1, n = 205) = 0.052
Sleep qualityd			10.09	4.75			9.56	4.35	t(600) = 1.346
Number of psychiatric/behavioral conditions			3.21	1.69			2.98	1.74	t(600) = 1.589
≥ 3 comorbidities	255	64.2			121	59.0			χ2(1, n = 205) = 1.556
NSI validitye	15	3.8			5	2.4			χ2(1, n = 205) = 0.755
Measured disabilityf			18.84	17.23			17.38	17.23	0.31

Note. GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; mTBI = mild traumatic brain injury; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; NSI = Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory.

^aCombat exposure was total score from the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory (DRRI) combat module.

^bDifference in PTSD severity scores, calculated by subtracting initial score from follow-up score; significance measured using one-sample t test.

^c30-day average pain severity from the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire.

^dSleep quality represents the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score.

^eValidity-10 symptom exaggeration score derived from NSI (score ≥ 23).

^fSquare root of World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 overall score.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.