Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies
| Author | Year | Type of study | Location | Country | Event | Sample | Number by gender | Age distribution | Method of diagnosis | Prevalence (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahmad | 1997 | CS | Dhaka | Bangladesh | 166 | 181 |
M‐181 F‐0 |
20–44 years | Hp serology | 166/181 (91.7%) |
| Ahmad | 2008 | CS | Islamabad | Pakistan | 289 | 400 |
M‐208 F‐192 |
3–16 years | Urea breath test | 289/400 (72.3%) |
| Augustine | 2019 | CS | Kerala | India | 29 | 99 |
M‐NA F‐NA |
18–60 Years | Hp serology | 29/99 (29.3%) |
| Dore | 1997 | CS | Karnataka | India | 41 | 50 |
M‐29 F‐21 |
6–18 years | Urea breath test | 41/50 (82%) |
| Fernando | 2003 | CS | Western province | Sri Lanka | 37 | 359 |
M‐180 F‐179 |
1–94 years | Hp serology | 37/359 (10.30%) |
| Jafri | 2009 | CS | Karachi | Pakistan | 926 | 1976 |
M‐1008 F‐968 |
1–15 years | Hp serology | 926/1976 (46.9%) |
| Jafri | 2013 | CS | Karachi | Pakistan | 255 | 540 |
M‐256 F‐284 |
1–15 years | Hp serology | 255/540 (47.2%) |
| Mahskar | 2010 | CC | Pune | India | 57 | 125 |
M‐62 F‐63 |
18–83 years | Stool antigen test | 57/125 (45.6%) |
| Mehmood | 2014 | CC | Islamabad | Pakistan | 63 | 118 |
M‐63 F‐55 |
<25–>50 years | Hp serology | 63/118 (53.4%) |
| Prasad | 1994 | CC | Vellore | India | 25 | 30 |
M‐NA F‐NA |
21–51 years | Histology | 25/30 (83.3%) |
| Priyadarshani | 2018 | CS | Puducherry | India | 29 | 99 |
M‐59 F‐40 |
18–60 years | Hp serology | 29/99 (29.3%) |
| Rasheed | 2011 | CS | Barakho, Islamabad | Pakistan | 384 | 516 |
M‐268 F‐248 |
2–>19 years | Urea breath test | 384/516 (74.4%) |
| Rifat‐uz‐Zaman | 2006 | CS | Bahawalpur | Pakistan | 1756 | 3846 |
M‐2344 F‐1502 |
5–65 years | Hp serology, urea breath test | 1756/3846 (45.7%) |
| Romshoo | 1997 | CC | Kashmir | India | 10 | 30 |
M‐25 F‐5 |
18–65 years | Urease test, histology | 10/30 (33.3%) |
| Sarker | 1997 | CS | Nandipur, Dhaka | Bangladesh | 406 | 469 |
M‐NA F‐NA |
1–99 months | Urea breath test | 406/469 (86.6%) |
| Sarker | 2004 | CS | Nandipur, Dhaka | Bangladesh | 145 | 182 |
M‐90 F‐92 |
1–5 years | Urea breath test | 145/182 (79.7%) |
| Singh | 2002 | CS | Chandigarh | India | 38 | 67 |
M‐NA F‐NA |
15–75 years | Hp serology, rapid urease test, histology | 38/67 (56.7%) |
| Tewari | 2012 | CC | Northern sector | India | 76 | 200 |
M‐NA F‐NA |
30–>85 years | Hp serology | 76/200 (38%) |
| Wangda | 2017 | CS | Thimphu | Bhutan | 216 | 327 |
M‐145 F‐182 |
4–19 years | Hp serology | 216/327 (66.1%) |
Data are expressed in proportion (%) if possible.
CC, Case–control; CS, cross‐sectional; F, female; M, male, NA, not available.