Table 5.

Data Extraction of Toxicology from Included Case Studies

Study ID	Patient Demographic (Gender, Age)	Route of Administration	Cause of Death	Fentanyl Concentration (µg/mL) from Specified Blood Source	Evidence of Concomitant Drugs
Nara et al,34 2019	Female, 40–49	Transdermal	Fentanyl Overdose	Femoral: 0.051 Cardiac: 0.033	Yes
Jumbelic et al,27 2010	Female 43	Transdermal	Fentanyl Overdose	Subclavian: 0.022	Yes
Jumbelic et al,27 2010	Male 49	Transdermal	Fentanyl Overdose	Femoral: 0.022	Yes
Jumbelic et al,27 2010	Male 28	Transdermal	Fentanyl Overdose	Subclavian: 0.028	Yes
Jumbelic et al,27 2010	Male 16	Transdermal	Fentanyl Overdose	Iliac: 0.005	Yes
Jumbelic et al,27 2010	Female 49	Transdermal	Fentanyl Overdose	Subclavian: 0.01	Yes
Jumbelic et al,27 2010	Male 37	Transdermal	Fentanyl Overdose	Femoral: 0.013	Yes
Jumbelic et al,27 2010	Male 18	Transdermal	Fentanyl Overdose	Cardiac: 0.014	Yes
Jumbelic et al,27 2010	Female 43	Transdermal	Fentanyl Overdose	Iliac: 0.019	Yes
Edinboro et al,23 1997	Female 83	Transdermal	Fentanyl Overdose	Source not specified: 0.025	No
Tharp et al,35 2004	Male 35	Intravenous	Fentanyl Overdose	Source not specified: 0.005–0.027	No
Tharp et al,35 2004	Male 38	Intravenous	Fentanyl Overdose	Source not specified: 0.005–0.027	No
Tharp et al,35 2004	Male 42	Intravenous	Fentanyl Overdose	Source not specified: 0.005–0.027	Yes
Tharp et al,35 2004	Male 39	Intravenous	Fentanyl Overdose	Source not specified: 0.005–0.027	Yes
Lilleng et al,31 2004	Male 41–42	Intravenous	Mixed Drug Toxicity	Source not specified: 0.0027	Yes
Lilleng et al,31 2004	Male 41–42	Intravenous	Fentanyl Overdose	Source not specified: 0.0138	Yes
Kronstrand et al,29 1997	Male 29	Intravenous	Fentanyl Overdose	Femoral: 0.004	Yes
Kronstrand et al,29 1997	Male 22	Intravenous	Fentanyl Overdose	Femoral: 0.005	Yes
Kronstrand et al,29 1997	Male 40	Intravenous	Fentanyl Overdose	Femoral: 0.017	Yes
Kronstrand et al,29 1997	Male 44	Intravenous	Fentanyl Overdose	Femoral: 0.005	Yes
Kronstrand et al,29 1997	Male 42	Intravenous	Fentanyl Overdose	Femoral: 0.006	Yes
Kronstrand et al,29 1997	Male 42	Intravenous	Fentanyl Overdose	Femoral: 0.009	Yes
Kronstrand et al,29 1997	Male 26	Intravenous	Fentanyl Overdose	Femoral: 0.002	Yes
Woodall et al,36 2008	Male 42	Transdermal	Fentanyl Overdose	Cardiac: 0.022	Yes
Woodall et al,36 2008	Female 20	Transdermal	Fentanyl Overdose	Femoral: 0.013	Yes
Woodall et al,36 2008	Female 51	Transdermal	Mixed Drug Toxicity	Femoral: 0.097	Yes
Woodall et al,36 2008	Female 42	Transdermal	Fentanyl + Ethanol Toxicity	Femoral: 0.028 Cardiac: 0.032	Yes
Woodall et al,36 2008	Male 32	Transdermal	Fentanyl + Ethanol Toxicity	Cardiac 0.007	Yes
Woodall et al,36 2008	Male 41	Transdermal	Fentanyl + Ethanol Toxicity	Cardiac: 0.008	Yes
Carson et al,21 2010	Male 28	Transmucosal	Mixed Drug Toxicity (Preceding Aspiration)	Femoral: 0.0086	Yes